Cutler A, Sebastián-Gallés N, Soler-Vilageliu O, van Ooijen B
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Mem Cognit. 2000 Jul;28(5):746-55. doi: 10.3758/bf03198409.
Languages differ in the constitution of their phonemic repertoire and in the relative distinctiveness of phonemes within the repertoire. In the present study, we asked whether such differences constrain spoken-word recognition, via two word reconstruction experiments, in which listeners turned non-words into real words by changing single sounds. The experiments were carried out in Dutch (which has a relatively balanced vowel-consonant ratio and many similar vowels) and in Spanish (which has many more consonants than vowels and high distinctiveness among the vowels). Both Dutch and Spanish listeners responded significantly faster and more accurately when required to change vowels as opposed to consonants; when allowed to change any phoneme, they more often altered vowels than consonants. Vowel information thus appears to constrain lexical selection less tightly (allow more potential candidates) than does consonant information, independent of language-specific phoneme repertoire and of relative distinctiveness of vowels.
不同语言在其音素库的构成以及音素库中音素的相对独特性方面存在差异。在本研究中，我们通过两个单词重构实验来探究这些差异是否会限制口语单词识别，在实验中，听众通过改变单个音将非单词变成真实单词。实验分别在荷兰语（其元音与辅音比例相对平衡且有许多相似元音）和西班牙语（其辅音比元音多且元音之间的独特性高）中进行。当被要求改变元音而非辅音时，荷兰语和西班牙语的听众反应都显著更快且更准确；当可以改变任何音素时，他们改变元音的次数比改变辅音的次数更多。因此，元音信息似乎比辅音信息对词汇选择的限制更宽松（允许更多潜在候选词），这与特定语言的音素库以及元音的相对独特性无关。
