Lutz B J, Bowers B J
University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Nursing, USA.
Sch Inq Nurs Pract. 2000 Summer;14(2):165-83; discussion 183-7.
Providing patient-centered care (PCC) has been the focus of recent organizational restructuring and quality improvement efforts in health care. Much has been written about PCC in the past 5 years; however, there are multiple perspectives about the interpretation and implementation of this concept. Descriptions of PCC in the health care literature generally, in some way, refer to meeting patients' needs. Literature describing PCC falls into two categories. The first category interprets PCC as the reorganization of services around patients' needs. The second defines PCC as understanding patient-perceived needs, priorities, and expectations for health care. PCC, however, is still most often implemented from a traditional provider-centered, disease-focused framework that often results in patient care and outcomes that are not congruent with patients' preferences. Shifting to a model of care in which patients define their needs and priorities creates some unique issues in health care. Nursing, with its long-standing commitment to being patient focused, needs to lead the research effort to develop patient-centered models of care that consider and incorporate patients' preferences. Nurses must be mindful, however, of their socialization in the traditional model of care and the resulting underlying attitudes and assumptions they bring to their research and work with patients.
提供以患者为中心的护理（PCC）一直是近期医疗保健领域组织重组和质量改进工作的重点。在过去五年里，关于PCC的著述颇丰；然而，对于这一概念的解释和实施存在多种观点。医疗保健文献中对PCC的描述通常在某种程度上涉及满足患者需求。描述PCC的文献分为两类。第一类将PCC解释为围绕患者需求重新组织服务。第二类将PCC定义为理解患者对医疗保健的感知需求、优先事项和期望。然而，PCC仍然最常从传统的以提供者为中心、以疾病为重点的框架来实施，这往往导致患者护理和结果与患者偏好不一致。转向一种由患者定义其需求和优先事项的护理模式在医疗保健中产生了一些独特的问题。护理工作长期以来致力于以患者为中心，需要引领研究工作，以开发考虑并纳入患者偏好的以患者为中心的护理模式。然而，护士必须意识到他们在传统护理模式中的社会化过程以及由此产生的他们在研究和与患者合作时所秉持的潜在态度和假设。
