Lezama-Gutiérrez R, Trujillo-de la Luz A, Molina-Ochoa J, Rebolledo-Dominguez O, Pescador A R, López-Edwards M, Aluja M
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Colima, Tecomán, Mexico.
J Econ Entomol. 2000 Aug;93(4):1080-4. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-93.4.1080.
Twenty isolates of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch). Sorkin (Ma) were evaluated to determine their virulence against last instar and adult emergence of Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew). Larvae were exposed by immersion in a conidial suspension at a concentration of 10(8) UFC/ml under laboratory conditions. Larvae and pupae cumulative mortality rates ranged from 37.9 to 98.75%. Thirteen isolates caused mortality rates > 83.7%, and their LT50 values ranged from 1.8 to 6.2 d. The Ma2, Ma8, and Ma16 isolates were evaluated at seven different concentrations ranging from 10(1) to 10(7) UFC/ml, showing LC50 values from 3.7 to 4.8 x 10(5) UFC/ml. In a field-cage experiment, 200 ml of a conidial suspension of Ma2, at a concentration of 2.5 x 10(6) UFC/ml, was applied on 2,500 cm2 soil surface (2 x 10(5) UFC/cm2). The fungus reduced adult emergence, 22% fewer adults emerging in a sandy loam soil, and 43% fewer in loam soil, compared with the controls. M. anisopliae may offer a preferable alternative to chemicals as a biological control agent against A. ludens.
对20株绿僵菌（Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch). Sorkin，简称Ma）进行了评估，以确定它们对墨西哥实蝇（Anastrepha ludens (Loew)）末龄幼虫和成虫羽化的毒力。在实验室条件下，将幼虫浸入浓度为10(8) UFC/ml的分生孢子悬浮液中进行处理。幼虫和蛹的累积死亡率在37.9%至98.75%之间。13株菌株导致的死亡率> 83.7%，其半数致死时间（LT50）值在1.8至6.2天之间。对Ma2、Ma8和Ma16菌株在10(1)至10(7) UFC/ml的七个不同浓度下进行了评估，其半数致死浓度（LC50）值为3.7至4.8 x 10(5) UFC/ml。在田间网笼试验中，将200 ml浓度为2.5 x 10(6) UFC/ml的Ma2分生孢子悬浮液施用于2500 cm2的土壤表面（2 x 10(5) UFC/cm2）。与对照相比，该真菌降低了成虫羽化率，在砂壤土中成虫羽化减少了22%，在壤土中减少了43%。绿僵菌作为一种针对墨西哥实蝇的生物防治剂，可能是化学药剂的一种较好替代品。
