Palmeri T J, Blalock C
Department of Psychology, 301 Wilson Hall, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
Cognition. 2000 Nov 16;77(2):B45-57. doi: 10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00100-1.
We examined the time-course of the influence of background knowledge on perceptual categorization by manipulating the meaningfulness of labels associated with categories and by manipulating the amount of time provided to subjects for making a categorization decision. Extending a paradigm originally reported by Wisniewski and Medin (1994) (Cog. Sci. 18 (1994) 221), subjects learned two categories of children's drawings that were given either meaningless labels (drawings by children from 'group 1' or 'group 2') or meaningful labels (drawings by 'creative' or 'non-creative' children); the meaningfulness of the label had a significant effect on how new drawings were classified. In addition, half of the subjects were provided unlimited time to respond, while the other half of the subjects were forced to respond quickly; speeded response conditions had a relatively large effect on categorization decisions by subjects given the meaningless labels but had relatively little effect on categorization decisions by subjects given the meaningful labels. These results suggest that some forms of background knowledge can show an influence at relatively early stages in the time-course of a categorization decision.
我们通过操纵与类别相关的标签的意义以及操纵提供给受试者做出分类决定的时间量，研究了背景知识对感知分类影响的时间进程。扩展了Wisniewski和Medin（1994年）最初报道的范式（《认知科学》18（1994年）221），受试者学习了两类儿童绘画，这些绘画被赋予了无意义的标签（来自“第一组”或“第二组”儿童的绘画）或有意义的标签（“有创造力的”或“无创造力的”儿童的绘画）；标签的意义对新绘画的分类方式有显著影响。此外，一半的受试者被给予无限时间做出反应，而另一半受试者则被迫快速做出反应；快速反应条件对被赋予无意义标签的受试者的分类决定有相对较大的影响，但对被赋予有意义标签的受试者的分类决定影响相对较小。这些结果表明，某些形式的背景知识可以在分类决定的时间进程中相对较早的阶段显示出影响。
