Lawson Rebecca
School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, England.
Mem Cognit. 2006 Dec;34(8):1667-75. doi: 10.3758/bf03195929.
When their understanding of the basics of bicycle design was assessed objectively, people were found to make frequent and serious mistakes, such as believing that the chain went around the front wheel as well as the back wheel. Errors were reduced but not eliminated for bicycle experts, for men more than women, and for people who were shown a real bicycle as they were tested. The results demonstrate that most people's conceptual understanding of this familiar, everyday object is sketchy and shallow, even for information that is frequently encountered and easily perceived. This evidence of a minimal and even inaccurate causal understanding is inconsistent with that of strong versions of explanation-based (or theory-based) theories of categorization.
当客观评估人们对自行车设计基础知识的理解时，发现他们经常犯严重错误，比如认为链条既绕后轮也绕前轮。对于自行车专家、男性（比女性更明显）以及在测试时看到真实自行车的人来说，错误有所减少但并未消除。结果表明，即使对于经常遇到且易于感知的信息，大多数人对这个熟悉的日常物品的概念理解也是粗略和肤浅的。这种对因果关系的理解极少甚至不准确的证据，与基于解释（或理论）的分类理论的强版本不一致。
