Redecker D, Kodner R, Graham L E
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Science. 2000 Sep 15;289(5486):1920-1. doi: 10.1126/science.289.5486.1920.
Fossilized fungal hyphae and spores from the Ordovician of Wisconsin (with an age of about 460 million years) strongly resemble modern arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycetes). These fossils indicate that Glomales-like fungi were present at a time when the land flora most likely only consisted of plants on the bryophytic level. Thus, these fungi may have played a crucial role in facilitating the colonization of land by plants, and the fossils support molecular estimates of fungal phylogeny that place the origin of the major groups of terrestrial fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomales) around 600 million years ago.
来自威斯康星州奥陶纪（约4.6亿年前）的真菌菌丝和孢子化石与现代丛枝菌根真菌（球囊霉目，接合菌纲）极为相似。这些化石表明，在陆地植物群很可能仅由苔藓植物水平的植物组成时，类似球囊霉目的真菌就已存在。因此，这些真菌可能在促进植物在陆地上定殖方面发挥了关键作用，并且这些化石支持了真菌系统发育的分子估计，即陆地真菌的主要类群（子囊菌门、担子菌门和球囊霉目）起源于约6亿年前。
