Mauderly J L
Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, PO Box 5890, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
Inhal Toxicol. 2000 Sep;12(9):863-900. doi: 10.1080/08958370050123216.
Epidemiological findings of associations between ambient particulate matter (PM) and respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity have fostered increased laboratory research aimed at understanding the key PM components, mechanisms, and dose-response relationships responsible for the effects. Because the health impacts are largely observed in subpopulations having characteristics known or presumed to confer increased susceptibility to PM, there is a need for identifying, developing, and using animal models of these susceptibility factors. Age, during both development and senescence of the cardiorespiratory system and its defenses, is one of the PM susceptibility factors cited frequently. This review is intended as a summary of current knowledge regarding age-related differences in the structure and function of the respiratory and pulmonary vascular systems of humans and animals. Its purpose is to facilitate the selection of appropriate animal models for research on the various facets of potential age-related susceptibility of the human respiratory tract to the effects of inhaled PM. The selection of models is a difficult challenge because no single animal species adequately models the full range of human respiratory anatomy, physiology, and age-related changes. With careful selection among the many species, strains, and comparative ages, however, animals can be selected to model most, if not all, of the individual factors hypothesized to confer increased susceptibility of humans to inhaled PM. The existing information does not provide an adequate basis for selecting models to test all of the current age-related susceptibility hypotheses. However, the information summarized in this report should facilitate the investigator's review of potential models.
环境颗粒物（PM）与呼吸道及心血管疾病死亡率和发病率之间关联的流行病学研究结果，促使了更多实验室研究的开展，旨在了解造成这些影响的关键PM成分、机制及剂量反应关系。由于在已知或推测对PM易感性增加的亚人群中，很大程度上观察到了健康影响，因此需要识别、开发并使用这些易感性因素的动物模型。在心肺系统及其防御机制的发育和衰老过程中，年龄是经常被提及的PM易感性因素之一。本综述旨在总结有关人类和动物呼吸道及肺血管系统结构与功能的年龄相关差异的现有知识。其目的是便于为研究人类呼吸道对吸入PM潜在年龄相关易感性的各个方面选择合适的动物模型。模型的选择是一项艰巨的挑战，因为没有单一动物物种能充分模拟人类呼吸道解剖结构、生理学及年龄相关变化的全貌。然而，通过在众多物种、品系和比较年龄中仔细挑选，可以选择动物来模拟大部分（即便不是全部）被认为会增加人类对吸入PM易感性的个体因素。现有信息并未为选择用于检验所有当前年龄相关易感性假设的模型提供充分依据。不过，本报告总结的信息应有助于研究人员对潜在模型进行评估。
