Isolation and characterization of aldose reductase from calf brain.

Aldose reductase activity (alditol: NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21) from calf brain was separated into two protein fractions by DEAE chromatography. Further purifcation by molecular sieve chromotography and electrofocusing yielding two distinctive enzymes, which were designated AR I and AR II. AR I was purified 646-fold and found to have an isoelectric point of 6.18. AR I was most active as a monomer with a molecular weight of 29 000 and appeared to be in equilibrium with a less active dimer. AR II was purified 425-fold and found to have an isoelectric point of 4.88. The molecular weight of this enzyme was 30 000. Although both enzymes had specificity for aldoses as substrates, AR I had two to three times larger turnover numbers with aromatic aldehydes and hexonates than did AR II. AR I was activated by sulfhydryl compounds and exhibited biphasic double reciprocal plots. AR I was more sensitive to inhibition by high substrate and phenobarbital concentrations than was AR II. AR I and AR II did not have antigenic similarity as tested by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and counter immunoelectrophoresis. An immunochemical cross-reaction was observed between AR II and lens aldose reductase.