Perazella M A
Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Am J Med. 2000 Sep;109(4):307-14. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00496-4.
Prescribed medications, over-the-counter drugs, and nutritional supplements are used by many patients. Although most of these products are well tolerated, drug-induced hyperkalemia may develop in patients with underlying renal impairment or other abnormalities in potassium handling. Drug-induced hyperkalemia most often occurs from impaired renal potassium excretion. However, disturbed cellular uptake of a potassium load as well as excessive ingestion or infusion of potassium-containing substances may also occur. Physicians must be aware of medications that can precipitate hyperkalemia, how these drugs induce alterations in potassium homeostasis, and the patient characteristics that increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
许多患者会使用处方药、非处方药和营养补充剂。虽然这些产品大多耐受性良好，但在有潜在肾功能损害或钾代谢其他异常的患者中，可能会发生药物性高钾血症。药物性高钾血症最常见于肾钾排泄受损。然而，钾负荷的细胞摄取紊乱以及含钾物质的过量摄入或输注也可能发生。医生必须了解可引发高钾血症的药物、这些药物如何引起钾稳态改变以及增加高钾血症风险的患者特征。
