Shipp T D, Bromley B, Lieberman E, Benacerraf B R
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Jun;15(6):460-2. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00138.x.
To determine if there is a racial difference in the frequency of identification of echogenic intracardiac foci (EIF) seen sonographically in the hearts of second-trimester fetuses.
Over a 2-month period (June 1998-August 1998), all fetuses scanned between 15 and 20 completed weeks' gestation were evaluated prospectively for the presence or absence of EIF. Pregnancies specifically referred for the presence of EIF were excluded. The sonographer performing the scan indicated maternal race as Asian, black, white, or (if maternal race was not clear) unknown. Maternal race, gestational age, and the presence or absence of EIF were prospectively documented. Follow-up of those fetuses with EIF was obtained from the referring physicians' offices. The groups were compared with respect to maternal race and presence or absence of EIF.
There were 46, 34, 400, and nine fetuses of the Asian, black, white, and unknown mothers, respectively. The mean gestational age +/- 1 SD at examination was 18.2 +/- 1.6, 17.5 +/- 1.4, 17.7 +/- 1.5, and 17.8 +/- 1.1 weeks, for the Asian, black, white, and unknown mothers, respectively. The incidence of sonographically detected EIF was 30.4, 5.9, 10.5 and 11.1% for the Asian, black, white, and unknown mothers, respectively, P = 0.001. In a multivariate logistic regression model, Asian mothers had an odds ratio of 3.8 (95% CI, 1.8, 7.6) for having a fetus identified as having EIF, as compared with white mothers.
The Asian patient is more likely than patients of other races to have a fetus with identified EIF. The counseling implications for Asian mothers undergoing midtrimester sonography when EIF is identified should be tempered, due to the increased frequency of EIF as a normal finding in the Asian population.
确定孕中期胎儿心脏超声检查中发现的心脏强回声灶（EIF）的检出频率是否存在种族差异。
在1998年6月至1998年8月的2个月期间，对所有妊娠15至20周的胎儿进行前瞻性评估，以确定是否存在EIF。排除因EIF而专门转诊的妊娠。进行扫描的超声检查人员将母亲的种族标记为亚洲人、黑人、白人或（如果母亲种族不明确）未知。前瞻性记录母亲的种族、孕周以及EIF的有无。从转诊医生办公室获取对那些有EIF胎儿的随访信息。比较不同种族母亲组以及有无EIF的情况。
亚洲、黑人、白人及种族未知母亲的胎儿分别有46例、34例、400例和9例。检查时亚洲、黑人、白人及种族未知母亲的平均孕周±1标准差分别为18.2±1.6周、17.5±1.4周、17.7±1.5周和17.8±1.1周。亚洲、黑人、白人及种族未知母亲中超声检测到EIF的发生率分别为30.4%、5.9%、10.5%和11.1%，P = 0.001。在多因素逻辑回归模型中，与白人母亲相比，亚洲母亲怀有被确定有EIF胎儿的比值比为3.8（95%可信区间，1.8，7.6）。
亚洲患者比其他种族患者更有可能怀有被确定有EIF的胎儿。由于EIF在亚洲人群中作为正常发现的频率增加，对于在孕中期超声检查中发现EIF的亚洲母亲进行咨询时应有所调整。
