Di Matteo A M, Soñez M C, Plano C M, von Lawzewitsch I
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Departamento de Fisiología y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Avian Dis. 2000 Jul-Sep;44(3):507-18.
The histologic changes in the respiratory tracts of chickens were evaluated after hatchery fumigation with 40% formaldehyde vapors and vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus with live attenuated vaccine (Massachusetts serotype). One-day-old chickens were housed in four isolation units in controlled environmental conditions, fed and watered ad libitum, and separated into four groups: 1) fumigated and vaccinated birds (FV group); 2) nonfumigated and vaccinated birds (NFV group); 3) fumigated and nonvaccinated birds (FNV group); and 4) control group (C group). All birds were tested to be free from Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. After necropsy on the first, eighth, and twenty-sixth days after birth, samples from tracheal upper portion and lungs were conventionally processed for light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Tissue response was monitored by microscopic examination of trachea and lung. On the first day of observation, fumigated and vaccinated birds (FV group) showed extensively damaged tracheal epithelium with exfoliated areas and some active glands with electrodense granules, and in the lung, the primary bronchi epithelium had disorganized cilia and abundant lymphocytes, with emphysematous areas in tertiary bronchus. On day 8 after vaccination, cubical and cylindrical tracheal cell proliferation was observed, and on day 26, ciliated columnar epithelium was almost regenerated with heterophil corion infiltration, and hyaline cartilage nodules appeared in parabronchi. The nonfumigated and vaccinated birds (NFV) revealed less injury on the epithelial surface and a more rapid response to epithelial regeneration than the in only fumigated animals (FNV). The control group did not show remarkable morphologic changes. Postvaccinal and fumigation effects on the upper respiratory tract were temporary, whereas in lungs, increased emphysema, cartilage nodules in the interchange zone, and general lymphocyte infiltration had caused intensive injury.
用40%甲醛蒸汽对孵化场进行熏蒸处理，并使用传染性支气管炎病毒活疫苗（马萨诸塞血清型）对雏鸡进行接种后，评估其呼吸道的组织学变化。将1日龄雏鸡饲养在四个隔离单元中，环境条件可控，自由采食和饮水，并分为四组：1）熏蒸且接种疫苗的鸡（FV组）；2）未熏蒸且接种疫苗的鸡（NFV组）；3）熏蒸但未接种疫苗的鸡（FNV组）；4）对照组（C组）。所有鸡均检测未感染鸡毒支原体和滑膜支原体。在出生后的第1天、第8天和第26天进行剖检后，常规处理气管上部和肺部的样本，用于光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜检查。通过对气管和肺的显微镜检查监测组织反应。在观察的第1天，熏蒸且接种疫苗的鸡（FV组）显示气管上皮广泛受损，有脱落区域，一些活跃的腺体含有电子致密颗粒，在肺中，初级支气管上皮的纤毛紊乱，淋巴细胞丰富，三级支气管有气肿区域。接种疫苗后第8天，观察到气管立方状和柱状细胞增殖，第26天，纤毛柱状上皮几乎再生，伴有异嗜性粒细胞浸润，副支气管出现透明软骨结节。未熏蒸且接种疫苗的鸡（NFV组）上皮表面损伤较轻，上皮再生反应比仅熏蒸的动物（FNV组）更快。对照组未显示明显的形态学变化。疫苗接种和熏蒸对上呼吸道的影响是暂时的，而在肺部，气肿增加、交换区软骨结节和淋巴细胞普遍浸润造成了严重损伤。
