Cipel L, Gyepes M T
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1979 Jul;133(1):97-101. doi: 10.2214/ajr.133.1.97.
Bubble formation outside the digestive tract that correlated with small perforations was observed in two infants during water-soluble contrast material studies using a 50% solution of Gastrografin in water. The causes of extraluminal bubbles are discussed; in vitro experiments demonstrated the mechanism of formation and the radiographic characteristics of the various types of bubbles. Extraluminal bubbles appearing during a water-soluble contrast material examination actually represent contrast bubbles. The radiographic density of the bubble walls varies. When the bubbles are small and diluted contrast material is used, it is not possible to detect the presence of contrast material radiographically. Contrast material bubbles are likely to be observed only if a low surface tension contrast agent is used, such as Gastrografin full- or half-strength in water). Extraluminal contrast material bubble formation may identify and localize a small perforation of the gut when other findings are inconclusive.
在使用50%泛影葡胺水溶液进行水溶性造影剂研究期间，两名婴儿在消化道外观察到与小穿孔相关的气泡形成。讨论了管腔外气泡的成因；体外实验证明了各种类型气泡的形成机制和影像学特征。水溶性造影剂检查期间出现的管腔外气泡实际上代表造影剂气泡。气泡壁的放射密度各不相同。当气泡较小且使用稀释的造影剂时，无法通过放射成像检测到造影剂的存在。只有使用低表面张力的造影剂（如水溶性全浓度或半浓度泛影葡胺）时，才可能观察到造影剂气泡。当其他检查结果不明确时，管腔外造影剂气泡的形成可能有助于识别和定位肠道的小穿孔。
