Masten A S, Curtis W J
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2000 Summer;12(3):529-50. doi: 10.1017/s095457940000314x.
This paper examines the conceptual and empirical connections between competence and psychopathology, two historically rich traditions for the study of adaptation in development, and what might be gained from their integration. Historical roots of these two traditions are reviewed, then overlaps in their definition are considered, with a focus on the ways in which judgments about competence enter into the nosology of mental disorders. DSM-IV is analyzed from the perspective of competence, and the debate about "harmful dysfunction" in defining mental disorder is discussed in relation to competence. Different models explaining the empirical associations of competence and psychopathology are delineated, and illustrative empirical evidence is provided. Potential explanations include confounded concepts and methods, symptoms undermining the effectiveness of adaptation in the environment, failures in age-salient developmental tasks leading to emotional and behavioral problems, transactional influences, shared vulnerability or risk factors producing both kinds of difficulties, and more complex models. The potential benefits of integrating competence and psychopathology as two major approaches to adaptation are discussed in regard to theory, classification of mental disorder, research, and intervention.
本文探讨了能力与精神病理学之间的概念性和实证性联系，这是两个在发展适应性研究方面历史悠久的传统领域，以及将它们整合可能带来的收获。回顾了这两个传统的历史根源，接着考虑它们在定义上的重叠之处，重点关注关于能力的判断如何纳入精神障碍的分类学。从能力的角度分析了《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第四版》（DSM-IV），并结合能力讨论了关于定义精神障碍时“有害功能失调”的争论。阐述了解释能力与精神病理学实证关联的不同模型，并提供了说明性的实证证据。潜在的解释包括混淆的概念和方法、症状削弱在环境中适应的有效性、在与年龄相关的发展任务中失败导致情绪和行为问题、交互影响、产生这两类困难的共同易感性或风险因素，以及更复杂的模型。就理论、精神障碍分类、研究和干预而言，讨论了将能力与精神病理学作为两种主要适应方法进行整合的潜在益处。
