Hoshino Y, Kapikian A Z
Epidemiology Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2000 Jun;18(1):5-14.
The development and implementation of safe and effective vaccines to prevent the enormous health burden of rotavirus-associated disease is a global public health goal. Human rotaviruses, the major aetiological agents of severe infantile diarrhoea worldwide, display surprisingly diverse and complex serotypic specificities. Ten VP7 serotypes and 7 VP4 serotypes have so far been detected. An increasing number of observations, obtained from analyses of (i) natural rotavirus infections in infants and young children, (ii) experimental rotavirus infections in laboratory animals, and (iii) extensive rotavirus vaccine field trials performed in different populations of various parts of the world, appears to support the concept that serotype-specific antibodies to rotaviruses play an important role in protection against rotavirus-associated illnesses. Thus, the first licensed rotavirus vaccine (RRV-based quadrivalent vaccine) was designed to cover the epidemiologically important VP7 serotype 1, 2, 3, and 4.
开发和应用安全有效的疫苗以预防轮状病毒相关疾病带来的巨大健康负担是一项全球公共卫生目标。人类轮状病毒是全球范围内导致严重婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原体，其血清型特异性表现出惊人的多样性和复杂性。迄今为止，已检测到10种VP7血清型和7种VP4血清型。越来越多的观察结果来自以下几个方面的分析：（i）婴幼儿自然感染轮状病毒的情况；（ii）实验动物感染轮状病毒的情况；（iii）在世界不同地区不同人群中进行的广泛轮状病毒疫苗现场试验。这些观察结果似乎支持这样一种概念，即针对轮状病毒的血清型特异性抗体在预防轮状病毒相关疾病中发挥着重要作用。因此，第一种获得许可的轮状病毒疫苗（基于RRV的四价疫苗）旨在覆盖在流行病学上重要的VP7血清型1、2、3和4。
