Hermens H J, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G
Roessingh Research and Development, Roessinghbleekweg 33, 7522 AH, Enschede, The Netherlands.
J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000 Oct;10(5):361-74. doi: 10.1016/s1050-6411(00)00027-4.
The knowledge of surface electromyography (SEMG) and the number of applications have increased considerably during the past ten years. However, most methodological developments have taken place locally, resulting in different methodologies among the different groups of users.A specific objective of the European concerted action SENIAM (surface EMG for a non-invasive assessment of muscles) was, besides creating more collaboration among the various European groups, to develop recommendations on sensors, sensor placement, signal processing and modeling. This paper will present the process and the results of the development of the recommendations for the SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. Execution of the SENIAM sensor tasks, in the period 1996-1999, has been handled in a number of partly parallel and partly sequential activities. A literature scan was carried out on the use of sensors and sensor placement procedures in European laboratories. In total, 144 peer-reviewed papers were scanned on the applied SEMG sensor properties and sensor placement procedures. This showed a large variability of methodology as well as a rather insufficient description. A special workshop provided an overview on the scientific and clinical knowledge of the effects of sensor properties and sensor placement procedures on the SEMG characteristics. Based on the inventory, the results of the topical workshop and generally accepted state-of-the-art knowledge, a first proposal for sensors and sensor placement procedures was defined. Besides containing a general procedure and recommendations for sensor placement, this was worked out in detail for 27 different muscles. This proposal was evaluated in several European laboratories with respect to technical and practical aspects and also sent to all members of the SENIAM club (>100 members) together with a questionnaire to obtain their comments. Based on this evaluation the final recommendations of SENIAM were made and published (SENIAM 8: European recommendations for surface electromyography, 1999), both as a booklet and as a CD-ROM. In this way a common body of knowledge has been created on SEMG sensors and sensor placement properties as well as practical guidelines for the proper use of SEMG.
在过去十年中，表面肌电图（SEMG）的知识及应用数量有了显著增长。然而，大多数方法学的发展都是在局部进行的，这导致不同用户群体采用了不同的方法。欧洲协调行动SENIAM（用于肌肉无创评估的表面肌电图）的一个特定目标，除了促进欧洲各群体之间更多的合作外，还在于制定关于传感器、传感器放置、信号处理和建模的建议。本文将介绍SEMG传感器及传感器放置程序建议的制定过程和结果。1996 - 1999年期间，SENIAM传感器任务的执行是通过一些部分并行、部分顺序的活动来完成的。对欧洲实验室中传感器和传感器放置程序的使用进行了文献检索。总共检索了144篇同行评审论文，内容涉及应用的SEMG传感器特性和传感器放置程序。这显示出方法学存在很大差异，而且描述相当不足。一个特别研讨会提供了关于传感器特性和传感器放置程序对SEMG特征影响的科学和临床知识概述。基于这份清单、专题研讨会的结果以及普遍认可的最新知识，确定了传感器和传感器放置程序的首个提案。该提案除了包含一般程序和传感器放置建议外，还针对27块不同肌肉进行了详细阐述。该提案在几个欧洲实验室从技术和实际方面进行了评估，并连同一份问卷发送给了SENIAM俱乐部的所有成员（超过100名成员）以获取他们的意见。基于这一评估，制定并发布了SENIAM的最终建议（SENIAM 8：欧洲表面肌电图建议，1999年），以手册和光盘两种形式发布。通过这种方式，创建了关于SEMG传感器和传感器放置特性的共同知识体系以及正确使用SEMG的实用指南。
