Neumann C M, Giffin S, Hall R, Henderson M, Buhler D R
Department of Public Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331-6404, USA.
J Public Health Policy. 2000;21(3):342-59.
In 1991, Oregon became the first state in the U.S. to require the addition of an aversive agent to ethylene glycol-containing antifreeze and methanol-containing windshield wiper fluid. This new law, entitled "Toxic Household Products (THP) Act," was designed to reduce pediatric and animal poisonings from accidental ingestion of these two potentially lethal consumer automotive products. While not the stated intention of the law, addition of aversive agents to consumer automotive products could also reduce adult poisonings associated with intentional (suicides or alcoholics ingesting methanol-containing windshield wiper fluid) or accidental exposures. This law went into effect April 30, 1995, following settlement of a lawsuit brought by the Chemical Manufacturing Specialties Association (CSMA), a trade group representing the five largest manufacturers of ethylene glycol-based antifreeze in the U.S. This paper discusses the major policy issues that arose following the passage of Oregon's THP Act. Major provisions of the law are provided along with a discussion of CSMA's opposition to the Act's implementation. A description of the eventual settlement that was reached with CSMA as well as the major components of Oregon Health Division's (OHD) enforcement program are also highlighted. Data are presented for 1987 through 1998 on the number of exposures and severity of effects for pediatric cases (children < 6 years old) following exposure to both of these potentially lethal automotive products. However, because of the low incidence of exposures each year, these data are insufficient to draw any conclusions on the impact of the THP Act.
1991年，俄勒冈州成为美国首个要求在含乙二醇的防冻液和含甲醇的挡风玻璃清洗液中添加厌恶剂的州。这项名为“有毒家用产品（THP）法案”的新法律旨在减少因意外摄入这两种具有潜在致命性的消费型汽车产品而导致的儿童和动物中毒事件。虽然这并非该法律的既定意图，但在消费型汽车产品中添加厌恶剂也可能减少与故意行为（自杀或酗酒者摄入含甲醇的挡风玻璃清洗液）或意外接触相关的成人中毒事件。在代表美国最大的五家乙二醇基防冻液制造商的贸易组织化学制造专业协会（CSMA）提起的诉讼达成和解后，该法律于1995年4月30日生效。本文讨论了俄勒冈州THP法案通过后出现的主要政策问题。文中介绍了该法律的主要条款，并讨论了CSMA对该法案实施的反对意见。还重点描述了最终与CSMA达成的和解协议以及俄勒冈州卫生部门（OHD）执法计划的主要组成部分。文中给出了1987年至1998年期间儿童（6岁以下）接触这两种具有潜在致命性的汽车产品后的接触次数和影响严重程度的数据。然而，由于每年的接触发生率较低，这些数据不足以就THP法案的影响得出任何结论。
