Barness L A
Clin Perinatol. 1975 Sep;2(2):345-52.
Satisfactory nutrition of the low birth weight infant concerns the nurse, obstetrician, pediatrician, and nutritionist. It may be that at present the most satisfactory feeding for the low birth weight infants is human milk. Such factors as protein quantity and quality, fat quantity and quality, immune factors, and osmolar factors may be uniquely suitable for the human infant regardless of his weight. Because of present limitations in the availability of fresh human milk, infant formulas have been adopted with reasonable success in the nutriture of the low birth weight infant. Those formulas which most nearly simulate human milk are most widely used. Broad outlines for the composition of these formulas have been given. Regardless of the availability and ease of administration of either human milk or formula, it is unlikely that any form of external nutriture can equal the advantages provided by intrauterine growth. Until better methods are devised for prolonging intrauterine growth, presently available feeding regimens should be considered experimental and in a state of flux.
低体重婴儿的充足营养问题涉及护士、产科医生、儿科医生和营养师。目前，对低体重婴儿来说，最令人满意的喂养方式可能是母乳。蛋白质的数量和质量、脂肪的数量和质量、免疫因子和渗透压因子等因素可能无论婴儿体重如何，都特别适合人类婴儿。由于目前新鲜母乳供应存在限制，婴儿配方奶粉在低体重婴儿的营养方面已取得了一定的成功。那些最接近母乳的配方奶粉使用最为广泛。已给出了这些配方奶粉成分的大致轮廓。无论母乳或配方奶粉的可得性及使用的便利性如何，任何形式的外部营养都不太可能等同于子宫内生长所提供的优势。在设计出更好的方法来延长子宫内生长之前，目前可用的喂养方案应被视为试验性的且处于不断变化之中。
