Gunnarsdóttir E D, Pingitore R A, Spring B J, Konopka L M, Crayton J W, Milo T, Shirazi P
Finch University of Health Sciences/The Chicago Medical School, IL, USA.
Addict Behav. 2000 Sep-Oct;25(5):641-52. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4603(99)00043-x.
The present study examined whether individual differences in personality could differentiate two types of cocaine users. We hypothesized that self-medicators (SM) use cocaine as a way to alleviate their dysphoric moods, whereas sensation seekers (SS), in contrast, use cocaine primarily to engender positive mood states. Eighteen male cocaine users were classified based on two dimensions of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. SM were defined by having high harm avoidance (>17) and low novelty-seeking scores (<18), and SS by high novelty-seeking (>18) and low harm-avoidance scores (<17). It was predicted that SM would report higher depression and anxiety than would SS, and would also exhibit a brain activity pattern similar to that found in clinical depression. The results showed that SM reported higher anxiety than SS, F(1, 8) = 27.5, p < .001, but did not differ in depression. SM exhibited decreased blood flow within the left frontal lobes, F(1, 10) = 6.78, p < .05, similar to what has been observed in major depressive disorder. These findings suggest the importance of attending to individual differences in the motivation for cocaine use so that treatment can be targeted more effectively.
本研究考察了人格方面的个体差异是否能够区分两类可卡因使用者。我们假设自我药疗者（SM）使用可卡因是为了缓解其烦躁不安的情绪，而相比之下，寻求刺激者（SS）使用可卡因主要是为了产生积极的情绪状态。根据三维人格问卷的两个维度对18名男性可卡因使用者进行了分类。自我药疗者的定义是具有高回避伤害性得分（>17）和低寻求新奇性得分（<18），而寻求刺激者的定义是具有高寻求新奇性得分（>18）和低回避伤害性得分（<17）。研究预测，自我药疗者报告的抑郁和焦虑水平会高于寻求刺激者，并且其大脑活动模式也会与临床抑郁症患者的大脑活动模式相似。结果显示，自我药疗者报告的焦虑水平高于寻求刺激者，F(1, 8) = 27.5，p <.001，但在抑郁方面并无差异。自我药疗者左额叶内的血流减少，F(1, 10) = 6.78，p <.05，这与在重度抑郁症中观察到的情况相似。这些发现表明关注可卡因使用动机方面的个体差异非常重要，以便能够更有效地进行治疗。
