Dendritic calcium accumulation associated with direction-selective adaptation in visual motion-sensitive neurons in vivo.

Motion adaptation in directionally selective tangential cells (TC) of the fly visual system has previously been explained as a presynaptic mechanism. Based on the observation that adaptation is in part direction selective, which is not accounted for by the former models of motion adaptation, we investigated whether physiological changes located in the TC dendrite can contribute to motion adaptation. Visual motion in the neuron's preferred direction (PD) induced stronger adaptation than motion in the opposite direction and was followed by an afterhyperpolarization (AHP). The AHP subsides in the same time as adaptation recovers. By combining in vivo calcium fluorescence imaging with intracellular recording, we show that dendritic calcium accumulation following motion in the PD is correlated with the AHP. These results are consistent with a calcium-dependent physiological change in TCs underlying adaptation during continuous stimulation with PD motion, expressing itself as an AHP after the stimulus stops. However, direction selectivity of adaptation is probably not solely related to a calcium-dependent mechanism because direction-selective effects can also be observed for fast moving stimuli, which do not induce sizeable calcium accumulation. In addition, a comparison of two classes of TCs revealed differences in the relationship of calcium accumulation and AHP when the stimulus velocity was varied. Thus the potential role of calcium in motion adaptation depends on stimulation parameters and cell class.