Kilani R A, Basamad M
Department of Pediatrics, King Khaled University Hospital-King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Med Liban. 2000 Mar-Apr;48(2):77-83.
Bacterial infections are an important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The major pathogens for neonatal sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) vary with geographical area and time. It is therefore important to frequently audit neonatal sepsis in individual NICU, to aid in provision of adequate and appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all infants who had positive blood cultures during a 2-year period in the NICU at a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Overall the incidence of proven-bacterial-sepsis (PBS) was 10.2% of NICU admissions. The incidence of PBS in low-birth-weight (LBW), very low-birth-weight (VLBW), and extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants were 19%, 41%, and 49% respectively. Multiple episodes of bacterial sepsis occurred in 21% of all infants infected. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS) (50%) was the most common infecting organism causing late onset sepsis (LOS) and Escherichia coli (29%) the most common causing early onset sepsis (EOS). Gram negative bacteria (GNB) were the infecting organisms in 50% of the EOS episodes and 29% of LOS episodes. Only 11% (14) of the PBS were EOS. Only 10 (10.4%) infants had bacterial meningitis. The overall PBS related mortality was 9%, representing 22% of all neonatal deaths.
细菌感染是新生儿死亡和发病的重要原因。新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）中新生儿败血症的主要病原体因地理区域和时间而异。因此，经常对各个NICU的新生儿败血症进行审核，有助于提供充分且适当的预防和治疗措施。我们回顾性分析了沙特阿拉伯利雅得一家大学医院NICU在两年期间所有血培养呈阳性婴儿的病历。总体而言，确诊细菌性败血症（PBS）的发生率占NICU入院人数的10.2%。低出生体重（LBW）、极低出生体重（VLBW）和超低出生体重（ELBW）婴儿的PBS发生率分别为19%、41%和49%。所有感染婴儿中有21%发生了多次细菌性败血症。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CONS）（50%）是导致晚发性败血症（LOS）最常见的感染病原体，大肠杆菌（29%）是导致早发性败血症（EOS）最常见的病原体。革兰氏阴性菌（GNB）在50%的EOS病例和29%的LOS病例中为感染病原体。仅11%（14例）的PBS为EOS。仅有10名（10.4%）婴儿患有细菌性脑膜炎。与PBS相关的总体死亡率为9%，占所有新生儿死亡人数的22%。
