Lina-Granade G, Truy E, Porot M, Collet L, Disant F
Département d'ORL, de chirurgie cervicofaciale et d'audiophonologie, hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon, France.
Arch Pediatr. 2000 Sep;7(9):991-1000. doi: 10.1016/s0929-693x(00)90017-4.
Diagnosis of hearing impairment is possible during the first days of life. Hearing tests are noninvasive and should not be delayed when hearing loss is suspected. Among children's hearing impairments, conductive hearing loss is the most frequent; it is generally acquired and reversible. At the opposite pole, sensorineural hearing loss has more severe consequences because it is irreversible and often present from birth. Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary in all cases to prevent speech delay. In cases with sensorineural hearing impairment, hearing aid fitting, or even cochlear implantation, and intensive speech therapy will help deaf children learn speech, with the view of optimal social and professional integration.
在出生后的头几天就可以诊断出听力障碍。听力测试是非侵入性的，当怀疑有听力损失时不应延迟进行。在儿童听力障碍中，传导性听力损失最为常见；它通常是后天获得的且可逆转。与之相反，感音神经性听力损失后果更为严重，因为它是不可逆的，而且往往在出生时就存在。在所有情况下，早期诊断和治疗对于预防言语发育迟缓都是必要的。对于有感音神经性听力障碍的病例，佩戴助听器，甚至进行人工耳蜗植入，以及强化言语治疗，将有助于失聪儿童学习语言，以期实现最佳的社会和职业融入。
