Kiese-Himmel C, Schroff J, Kruse E
Department of Phoniatrics/Pediatric Audiology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1997;254(3):133-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02471276.
The present study was devised to gather epidemiological information to aid in understanding the etiology, identification, and management of children with permanent hearing losses in Lower Saxony as a defined geographical area of Germany. All infants and preschool children were identified in the Department of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology during a 1-year period (October 1994 until October 1995). Forty-four hearing-impaired children were identified, of whom 41 (93%) had sensorineural losses and 3 had pure conductive losses. Thirty-two children (73%) had bilateral hearing impairments. The causes of hearing loss were unknown in 17 children (39%). The median age of identification for the study group was 32 months, with a median age of 35.5 months when fitting hearing aids. Severity of hearing loss was inversely associated with age of identification. Prelingually deaf children had the worst comprehension levels of all children tested psychologically. Results were tabulated and special references to other studies were discussed. Our findings show again that the successful out-come of speech and language development depends on early identification and management of the hearing loss, and on continued assessment of the progress of habilitation. These require a basic assessment of the stage of language development (in perception and expression) as relevant rehabilitation measures. The next step is the treatment of existing linguistic deficits followed by retests at regular intervals.
本研究旨在收集流行病学信息，以帮助了解德国下萨克森州这一特定地理区域内永久性听力损失儿童的病因、识别方法及管理措施。在1年期间（1994年10月至1995年10月），在言语治疗与儿童听力学科识别出所有婴儿和学龄前儿童。共识别出44名听力受损儿童，其中41名（93%）为感音神经性听力损失，3名有单纯传导性听力损失。32名儿童（73%）有双侧听力障碍。17名儿童（39%）的听力损失原因不明。研究组的识别中位年龄为32个月，佩戴助听器时的中位年龄为35.5个月。听力损失的严重程度与识别年龄呈负相关。在所有接受心理测试的儿童中，语前聋儿童的理解水平最差。结果被制成表格，并讨论了与其他研究的特别参考。我们的研究结果再次表明，言语和语言发展的成功结果取决于听力损失的早期识别和管理，以及对康复进展的持续评估。这些需要对语言发展阶段（在感知和表达方面）进行基本评估，作为相关的康复措施。下一步是治疗现有的语言缺陷，然后定期进行重新测试。
