Nystad W
Department of Population Health Sciences, National Institute of Public Health, and the University of Sport and Physical Education, Oslo, Norway.
Ann Med. 2000 Sep;32(6):390-6. doi: 10.3109/07853890008995945.
The objective of this article is to review studies that have examined the relation of daycare to asthma and atopy. In order to identify studies for inclusion, abstracts of all studies referenced in Medline from January 1966 to January 2000 and in BIBSYS were searched and extracted if they included 'asthma' or 'atopy' combined with words such as 'daycare', 'nursery' or 'kindergarten'. Eight studies fulfilled the criteria of inclusion. The outcomes were asthma, skin prick test (SPT) reactivity, a positive radioallergosorbent test (RAST), hay fever, and eczema. Daycare attendance was positively associated with asthma in five of six studies including asthma. In three of these studies there was no statistically significant association between daycare and asthma. Early start in daycare protected against later asthma in one study. There was a weak, but not a statistically significant positive relation between daycare and atopy in two of three studies when SPT reactivity was used as the outcome. In children of small families early start in daycare protected against atopy. The quality of the studies varies, and they are not directly comparable. The relation between daycare attendance and asthma and atopy is unclear, and further studies designed to answer this specific research question are needed.
本文的目的是回顾那些研究日托与哮喘及特应性之间关系的研究。为了确定纳入的研究，检索了1966年1月至2000年1月Medline以及BIBSYS中所有被引用研究的摘要，若其中包含“哮喘”或“特应性”，并与“日托”“托儿所”或“幼儿园”等词汇组合，则提取出来。八项研究符合纳入标准。研究结果包括哮喘、皮肤点刺试验（SPT）反应性、放射性变应原吸附试验（RAST）阳性、花粉症和湿疹。在六项包含哮喘的研究中，有五项研究表明日托与哮喘呈正相关。在其中三项研究中，日托与哮喘之间无统计学显著关联。在一项研究中，早期开始日托可预防后期哮喘。当将SPT反应性作为研究结果时，在三项研究中的两项研究里，日托与特应性之间存在微弱但无统计学显著意义的正相关。在小家庭的儿童中，早期开始日托可预防特应性。这些研究的质量各不相同，且无法直接进行比较。日托与哮喘及特应性之间的关系尚不清楚，需要进一步开展旨在回答这一特定研究问题的研究。
