Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA, US.
Environ Manage. 2000 Dec;26(6):629-41. doi: 10.1007/s002670010121.
We assessed the relationship between riparian management and stream quality along five southeastern Minnesota streams in 1995 and 1996. Specifically, we examined the effect of rotationally and continuously grazed pastures and different types of riparian buffer strips on water chemistry, physical habitat, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish as indicators of stream quality. We collected data at 17 sites under different combinations of grazing and riparian management, using a longitudinal design on three streams and a paired watershed design on two others. Continuous and rotational grazing were compared along one longitudinal study stream and at the paired watershed. Riparian buffer management, fenced trees (wood buffer), fenced grass, and unfenced rotationally grazed areas were the focus along the two remaining longitudinal streams. Principal components analysis (PCA) of water chemistry, physical habitat, and biotic data indicated a local management effect. The ordinations separated continuous grazing from sites with rotational grazing and sites with wood buffers from those with grass buffers or rotationally grazed areas. Fecal coliform and turbidity were consistently higher at continuously grazed than rotationally grazed sites. Percent fines in the streambed were significantly higher at sites with wood buffers than grass and rotationally grazed areas, and canopy cover was similar at sites with wood and grass buffers. Benthic macroinvertebrate metrics were significant but were not consistent across grazing and riparian buffer management types. Fish density and abundance were related to riparian buffer type, rather than grazing practices. Our study has potentially important implications for stream restoration programs in the midwestern United States. Our comparisons suggest further consideration and study of a combination of grass and wood riparian buffer strips as midwestern stream management options, rather than universally installing wood buffers in every instance. RID="" ID="" The Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division; the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; the University of Minnesota; and the Wildlife Management Institute.
我们于 1995 年和 1996 年在明尼苏达州东南部的 5 条溪流沿线评估了河岸管理与溪流质量之间的关系。具体而言，我们研究了轮牧和连续放牧的牧场以及不同类型的河岸缓冲带对水质、物理生境、底栖大型无脊椎动物和鱼类（作为溪流质量的指示物）的影响。我们在 17 个不同放牧和河岸管理组合的地点收集数据，采用三条溪流的纵向设计和另外两条溪流的配对流域设计。我们在一条纵向研究溪流和一对配对流域中比较了连续和轮牧。河岸缓冲带管理、围封树木（林带）、围封草地和未围封轮牧区是另外两条纵向溪流的重点。水质、物理生境和生物数据的主成分分析（PCA）表明存在局部管理效应。排序将连续放牧与轮牧区分开来，将有林带的地方与有草缓冲带或轮牧区的地方区分开来。粪大肠菌群和浊度在连续放牧的地方始终高于轮牧的地方。河床中细颗粒物质的比例在有林带的地方显著高于有草地和轮牧的地方，而林带和草地的树冠覆盖率相似。底栖大型无脊椎动物指标虽然显著，但在放牧和河岸缓冲带管理类型之间并不一致。鱼类密度和丰度与河岸缓冲带类型有关，而与放牧实践无关。我们的研究对美国中西部的溪流恢复计划具有重要意义。我们的比较表明，应进一步考虑和研究草地和林带河岸缓冲带的组合作为中西部溪流管理的选择，而不是在每种情况下都普遍安装林带。
