Lepistö M, Eriksson E, Hietanen H, Asko-Seljavaara S
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Finland.
Ostomy Wound Manage. 2000 Jun;46(6):30-4, 36-8, 40-1.
The purpose of this study was to identify those healthcare organizations that have a high incidence of pressure ulcers, and to determine what their staffs do to prevent pressure ulcer formation. The sample was formed from 11 hospitals in one large city on a certain day in Finland in 1998. The researchers sent questionnaires to 154 hospital units and achieved a 94% response rate. Psychiatric; gynecologic; obstetric; and eye, ear, nose, and throat units were not included. The data were collected using two questionnaires: The first gathered data about the organization and the second about the patients. Fifty-seven percent of the units surveyed reported having patients with pressure ulcers. Of these units, 45% were acute and 55% were long-term care. Thirty-nine percent of all units had a pressure ulcer team. Units with pressure ulcer patients had a staffing level of 0.6 registered nurses and practical nurses per bed, compared with 0.7 registered nurses and practical nurses per bed for those units without pressure ulcer patients. The average length of stay on the unit was less for those without pressure ulcers compared to those with ulcers (P < 0.001) and only 18% of the units without pressure ulcers had a pressure ulcer team. According to the results, those units with pressure ulcer patients identified the need for more preventive measures more frequently than the units without ulcer patients. In conclusion, pressure ulcers seem to predominate in long-term care settings, and the educational level of healthcare staffing seems to impact the occurrence of pressure ulcers. Common preventive measures are used by the staff in both acute and long-term care settings.
本研究的目的是确定那些压疮发生率较高的医疗保健机构，并确定其工作人员为预防压疮形成所采取的措施。样本来自1998年芬兰某大城市的11家医院。研究人员向154个医院科室发放了问卷，回复率为94%。不包括精神科、妇科、产科以及眼、耳、鼻、喉科室。数据收集使用了两份问卷：第一份收集有关机构的信息，第二份收集有关患者的信息。接受调查的科室中有57%报告有压疮患者。在这些科室中，45%为急性病科室，55%为长期护理科室。所有科室中有39%设有压疮防治小组。有压疮患者的科室每床配备0.6名注册护士和执业护士，而没有压疮患者的科室每床配备0.7名注册护士和执业护士。与有压疮的患者相比，没有压疮的患者在科室的平均住院时间更短（P < 0.001），并且没有压疮的科室中只有18%设有压疮防治小组。根据结果，有压疮患者的科室比没有压疮患者的科室更频繁地认识到需要采取更多预防措施。总之，压疮似乎在长期护理环境中更为普遍，医疗保健人员的教育水平似乎会影响压疮的发生。急性病科室和长期护理科室的工作人员都采用了常见的预防措施。
