Russell L
Queen's Hospital, Burton Hospital, NHS Trust, Burton on Trent.
Br J Nurs. 2000;9(4):194-6, 198, 200 passim. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2000.9.4.6375.
Good nutrition is essential throughout life and often patients have a poor understanding of what a balanced diet comprises. Nurses need to have a good comprehension of malnutrition. Where malnutrition is evident it can be resolved by working with the patient to encourage a healthy diet. One way to improve patient nutrition is by a nutrition audit of patient food. Numerous nutritional assessment tools exist which help to identify a patient's nutritional status. No nationally standardized nutritional assessment tool exists and there is a danger of assessment methods becoming as proliferate as pressure ulcer risk assessment tools. A solution to this problem may be to use a pressure ulcer risk assessment tool with a nutritional risk assessment tool such as the Burton Score. Pressure ulcers and malnutrition have been demonstrated to be strongly correlated with each other. Malnutrition is not just present in hospitals but also in nursing homes. A solution to this problem is to use nutritional tools to highlight nutritional deficiency in a patient's diet not only in hospitals but also in the community and in nursing homes.
良好的营养在整个生命过程中都至关重要，而患者往往对均衡饮食的构成了解甚少。护士需要对营养不良有充分的理解。当营养不良明显时，可以通过与患者合作鼓励健康饮食来解决。改善患者营养的一种方法是对患者的食物进行营养审核。有许多营养评估工具可帮助确定患者的营养状况。目前尚无全国标准化的营养评估工具，存在评估方法像压疮风险评估工具一样泛滥的风险。解决这个问题的一个办法可能是将压疮风险评估工具与营养风险评估工具（如伯顿评分）结合使用。压疮和营养不良已被证明彼此密切相关。营养不良不仅存在于医院，也存在于养老院。解决这个问题的办法是使用营养工具，不仅在医院，而且在社区和养老院中突出患者饮食中的营养缺乏情况。
