Tolerability and side-effect profile of rhIL-11.

Safety data from two randomized phase II and one abbreviated phase III placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical studies in adult patients with nonmyeloid malignancies indicate that recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11, also known as oprelvekin [Neumega]) has an acceptable toxicity profile as therapy for the mitigation of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Preliminary data also indicate that rhIL-11 is well tolerated by pediatric patients with similar types of cancers. Adverse events associated with rhIL-11 are generally mild or moderate, reversible with drug discontinuation, and easily managed. Many of the common adverse events of rhIL-11--including edema, dyspnea, pleural effusions, conjunctival injection, and in some patients, atrial arrhythmia--occur in association with fluid retention. However, these adverse events can be medically managed and need not limit the use of rhIL-11, particularly if ameliorative measures, such as salt restriction and occasional prophylaxis with a potassium-sparing diuretic to minimize peripheral edema, have been instituted along with close monitoring of fluid and electrolyte status. Such measures are suggested for any patient treated with a diuretic, especially patients with cancer who are receiving multiple medications that complicate overall care. Administration of sequential cycles of rhIL-11 treatment does not appear to result in an increased incidence of adverse events or bone marrow exhaustion. rhIL-11 does not appear to interact adversely with concomitantly administered chemotherapeutic agents or agents commonly used for supportive care, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, filgrastim [Neu-pogen]).