André P A, Braga A L, Lin C A, Conceição G M, Pereira L A, Miraglia S G, Böhm G M
Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2000 Jul-Sep;16(3):619-28. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2000000300011.
Systematic investigation on the effects of human exposure to environmental pollution using scientific methodology only began in the 20th century as a consequence of several environmental accidents followed by an unexpected mortality increase above expected mortality and as a result of observational epidemiological and toxicological studies conducted on animals in developed countries. This article reports the experience of the Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory at the School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, concerning the respiratory system and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in responses to exposure to pollution using toxicological and experimental procedures, complemented by observational epidemiological studies conducted in the city of São Paulo. It also describes these epidemiological studies, pointing out that air pollution is harmful to public health, not only among susceptible groups but also in the general population, even when the concentration of pollutants is below the limits set by environmental legislation. The study provides valuable information to support the political and economic decision-making processes aimed at preserving the environment and enhancing quality of life.
直到20世纪，由于几起环境事故导致意外死亡率高于预期死亡率，以及发达国家对动物进行的观察性流行病学和毒理学研究，才开始使用科学方法对人类接触环境污染的影响进行系统调查。本文报告了圣保罗大学医学院实验空气污染实验室在使用毒理学和实验程序研究接触污染后的呼吸系统及病理生理机制方面的经验，并辅以在圣保罗市进行的观察性流行病学研究。文章还描述了这些流行病学研究，指出空气污染不仅对易感人群有害，对普通人群也有害，即使污染物浓度低于环境立法规定的限值。该研究为支持旨在保护环境和提高生活质量的政治和经济决策过程提供了有价值的信息。
