van den Berg C, Beek P J, Wagenaar R C, van Wieringen P C
Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Exp Brain Res. 2000 Sep;134(2):174-86. doi: 10.1007/s002210000441.
Whereas the consequences of Parkinson's disease (PD) for the performance of single-limb movements are well documented (i.e., bradykinesia, akinesia, rigidity, and tremor), fairly little is known about its implications for the coordination between limb movements. To help resolve this situation an experiment was conducted in which 11 PD patients and 11 control subjects performed rhythmic forearm movements at a comfortable amplitude in the in-phase, antiphase, and single-arm mode at pacing frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 3 Hz. The PD group displayed marked coordination problems over and above the known clinical motor symptoms of PD. The performance of both the in-phase and antiphase modes was significantly affected in the PD group compared to the control group; furthermore, the variability of relative phase was significantly increased in this group. These observations were not caused by problems to synchronize the movements with the external pacing signal. In addition to the bimanual coordination problems, involuntary mirror movements (MM) were observed in the single-arm control trials that were significantly larger in the PD group (4.4% of the amplitude of the moving arm) than in the control group (2.3%), suggesting a reduced ability to suppress a basic in-phase coupling of the arms. In the PD group, MM were largest during movements of the least-affected arm. These parkinsonian coordination problems are interpreted in terms of recent evidence on the neural organization of bimanual coordination, suggesting that they are due to cortical rather than callosal dysfunction.
虽然帕金森病（PD）对单肢运动表现的影响已有充分记录（即运动迟缓、运动不能、僵硬和震颤），但对于其对肢体运动协调的影响却知之甚少。为了帮助解决这一情况，进行了一项实验，11名帕金森病患者和11名对照受试者以舒适的幅度在0.5至3赫兹的起搏频率下，以同相、反相和单臂模式进行有节奏的前臂运动。帕金森病组除了已知的帕金森病临床运动症状外，还表现出明显的协调问题。与对照组相比，帕金森病组的同相和反相模式表现均受到显著影响；此外，该组相对相位的变异性显著增加。这些观察结果并非由运动与外部起搏信号同步的问题引起。除了双手协调问题外，在单臂对照试验中还观察到非自愿镜像运动（MM），帕金森病组（占运动手臂幅度的4.4%）比对照组（2.3%）明显更大，这表明抑制手臂基本同相耦合的能力降低。在帕金森病组中，镜像运动在受影响最小的手臂运动期间最大。这些帕金森病的协调问题根据最近关于双手协调神经组织的证据进行了解释，表明它们是由于皮质功能障碍而非胼胝体功能障碍所致。
