Zikmund V
Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 1999 Feb;48(1):3-7.
Based on analysis of eleven-year intense epidemiological intervention against smallpox, a number of findings and demands ensued which should be met by an infectious disease to be included into the programme of eradication or elimination. The author mentions several episodes from the programme of smallpox eradication in which he participated as a member of a WHO team. Part of the paper is a detailed explanation of the terms eradication and elimination. The main part of the article is a characteristic of infections where the global programme of eradication or elimination is underway. At present the eradication of poliomyelitis and dracunculiasis is completed and elimination of tetanus of neonates as well as leprosy, all by the year 2000. By 2010 measles, possibly German measles and mumps should be eradicated and possibly leprosy and Chagas' disease and onchocerciasis should be eliminated. Also for other infections such as lymphatic filariasis, trachoma and non-veneric treponematoses more remote terms are given or are not yet given. Depending on the decision of WHO on the programme of global eradication, under precisely defined conditions seven other infections may be included: cysticercosis (Taenia solium), diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae b, viral hepatitis A, rotavirus enteritis, diphtheria, whooping cough and tuberculosis. In the case of viral hepatitis B only elimination is foreseen.
基于对为期11年的天花强化流行病学干预措施的分析，得出了一些结论和要求，这些结论和要求应由纳入根除或消除计划的传染病来满足。作者提到了他作为世界卫生组织团队成员参与的天花根除计划中的几个事件。论文的一部分是对根除和消除这两个术语的详细解释。文章的主要部分是对正在实施全球根除或消除计划的传染病的特征描述。目前，脊髓灰质炎和麦地那龙线虫病的根除工作已经完成，到2000年新生儿破伤风以及麻风病的消除工作也已完成。到2010年，麻疹、可能还有风疹和腮腺炎应被根除，麻风病、恰加斯病和盘尾丝虫病可能应被消除。对于其他感染，如淋巴丝虫病、沙眼和非性病性梅毒，给出了更长远的目标或尚未给出目标。根据世界卫生组织关于全球根除计划的决定，在精确界定的条件下，另外七种感染可能会被纳入：囊尾蚴病（猪带绦虫）、b型流感嗜血杆菌引起的疾病、甲型病毒性肝炎、轮状病毒肠炎、白喉、百日咳和结核病。对于乙型病毒性肝炎，预计只能实现消除。
