Malamed S F
School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, USA.
Rev Belge Med Dent (1984). 2000;55(1):19-28.
Local anesthetics are the safest and most effective drugs for pain control. Over 300 million local anesthetic cartridges are administered by dentists in the United States of America annually, yet serious complications reported number but a handful. Complications are categorised as localised or systemic. Localised complications arise at the site of needle penetration or anesthetic administration while systemic complications involve the entire organism. Localised complications include needle breakage, paresthesia, trismus, haematoma and facial nerve paralysis, while systemic complications are psychogenic to the act of receiving an injection, allergy and drug overdose (toxic reaction). These potential complications are briefly described in the following paper.
局部麻醉药是控制疼痛最安全、最有效的药物。在美国，牙医每年使用超过3亿支局部麻醉药筒，但报告的严重并发症却寥寥无几。并发症分为局部性或全身性。局部并发症发生在针刺入或注射麻醉药的部位，而全身并发症则涉及整个机体。局部并发症包括针头折断、感觉异常、牙关紧闭、血肿和面神经麻痹，而全身并发症则是对注射行为产生的心理反应、过敏和药物过量（毒性反应）。以下文章将简要描述这些潜在并发症。
