Laskin D M
Int Dent J. 1984 Dec;34(4):232-7.
The safety record of local anaesthetic agents is high but complications do occur. These may be systemic reactions to the local anaesthetic itself or to the vasoconstrictor. The former may be allergic or toxic in nature. Psychomotor reactions, often attributed erroneously to the vasoconstrictor, are more common. Regional complications, usually due to faulty technique, may be immediate or delayed. Among the former are pain, haematoma formation, tissue blanching, facial paralysis, amaurosis, diplopia and needle breakage. The delayed regional complications include pain, prolonged anaesthesia or paraesthesia, trismus, infection, sloughing and ulceration. The management of these complications is described.
局部麻醉药的安全记录良好，但并发症确实会发生。这些并发症可能是对局部麻醉药本身或血管收缩剂的全身反应。前者可能是过敏或毒性反应。通常被错误地归因于血管收缩剂的精神运动反应更为常见。局部并发症通常由于技术失误，可能是即刻的或延迟的。即刻并发症包括疼痛、血肿形成、组织苍白、面瘫、黑矇、复视和针头折断。延迟性局部并发症包括疼痛、麻醉或感觉异常延长、牙关紧闭、感染、组织脱落和溃疡。文中描述了这些并发症的处理方法。
