Lucía A, Hoyos J, Pérez M, Chicharro J L
Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas y Fisiología, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Oct;32(10):1777-82. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200010000-00018.
This study was designed to evaluate the stability of target heart rate (HR) values corresponding to performance markers such as lactate threshold (LT) and the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1, VT2) in a group of 13 professional road cyclists (VO2max, approximately 75.0 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) during the course of a complete sports season.
Each subject performed a progressive exercise test on a bicycle ergometer (ramp protocol with workload increases of 25 W x min(-1)) three times during the season corresponding to the "active" rest (fall: November), precompetition (winter: January), and competition periods (spring: May) to determine HR values at LT, VT1 and VT2.
Despite a significant improvement in performance throughout the training season (i.e., increases in the power output eliciting LT, VT1, or VT2), target HR values were overall stable (HR at LT: 154 +/- 3, 152 +/- 3, and 154 +/- 2 beats x min(-1); HR at VT1: 155 +/- 3, 156 +/- 3, and 159 +/- 3 beats x min(-1); and at VT2: 178 +/- 2, 173 +/- 3, and 176 +/- 2 beats x min(-1) during rest, precompetition, and competition periods, respectively).
A single laboratory testing session at the beginning of the season might be sufficient to adequately prescribe training loads based on HR data in elite endurance athletes such as professional cyclists. This would simplify the testing schedule generally used for this type of athlete.
本研究旨在评估13名职业公路自行车运动员（最大摄氧量约为75.0 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹）在一个完整赛季中，与乳酸阈（LT）、第一和第二通气阈（VT1、VT2）等运动表现指标相对应的目标心率（HR）值的稳定性。
在赛季中对应“积极”休息期（秋季：11月）、赛前（冬季：1月）和比赛期（春季：5月），每位受试者在自行车测力计上进行三次递增运动测试（采用每分钟增加25 W的斜坡方案），以确定LT、VT1和VT2时的心率值。
尽管在整个训练赛季中运动表现有显著提高（即引起LT、VT1或VT2的功率输出增加），但目标心率值总体稳定（休息期、赛前和比赛期LT时的心率分别为154±3、152±3和154±2次·min⁻¹；VT1时的心率分别为155±3、156±3和159±3次·min⁻¹；VT2时的心率分别为178±2、173±3和176±2次·min⁻¹）。
在赛季开始时进行一次实验室测试，可能足以根据职业自行车运动员等精英耐力运动员的心率数据，合理规定训练负荷。这将简化这类运动员通常采用的测试计划。
