Leach C W, Peng T R, Volckens J
University of Michigan, USA.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2000 Sep;39 ( Pt 3):449-65. doi: 10.1348/014466600164507.
Much scholarship suggests that racism--belief in out-group inferiority--is unrelated to contemporary attitudes. Purportedly, a new form of racism, one which relies upon a belief in cultural difference, has become a more acceptable basis for such attitudes. The authors argue that an appropriate empirical assessment of racism (both 'old' and 'new') depends upon (1) clear conceptualization and operationalization, and (2) attention to both mean-level expression and explanatory value in structural equation models. This study assessed the endorsement of racism and belief in cultural difference as well as their association with a measure of general attitude in a secondary analysis of parallel representative surveys of attitudes toward different ethnic out-groups in France, The Netherlands, Western Germany and Britain (N = 3242; see Reif & Melich, 1991). For six of the seven out-group targets, racism was strongly related to ethnic majority attitudes, despite low mean-level endorsement. In a pattern consistent with a 'new', indirect racism, the relationship between British racism and attitudes toward Afro-Caribbeans was mediated by belief in cultural difference.
许多学术研究表明，种族主义——即认为外群体低人一等的观念——与当代态度无关。据说，一种新的种族主义形式，即基于文化差异观念的种族主义，已成为此类态度更易被接受的基础。作者认为，对种族主义（“旧”的和“新”的）进行恰当的实证评估取决于：（1）清晰的概念化和操作化，以及（2）在结构方程模型中关注均值水平表达和解释价值。本研究在对法国、荷兰、西德和英国针对不同种族外群体态度的平行代表性调查进行二次分析时，评估了对种族主义的认同、对文化差异的信念，以及它们与一般态度度量之间的关联（N = 3242；见赖夫和梅利希，1991）。对于七个外群体目标中的六个，尽管均值水平的认同度较低，但种族主义与多数族裔态度密切相关。在与“新的”、间接种族主义一致的模式中，英国的种族主义与对非裔加勒比人的态度之间的关系是由对文化差异的信念介导的。
