High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cocaine and its metabolites in serum microsamples with fluorimetric detection and its application to pharmacokinetics in rats.

A sensitive, selective and simple HPLC method with fluorimetric detection is described for quantitating cocaine and its three metabolites in rat serum microsamples (50 microl). Chromatographic separation is achieved on a Hypersil BDS C18 column (100X2.1 mm, 5 microm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile-25.8 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 2.6, containing 1.0 x 10(-4) M tetrabutylammonium phosphate (14:10:76, v/v/v). The detection limit (0.5 ng/ml) for all the compounds, using direct fluorometric detection operated at excitation and emission wavelengths of 230 and 315 nm, respectively, was approximately five-times lower than that of using a UV detector operated at 235 nm. The effects of ratio of 2-propanol to chloroform in extraction solvents on the recovery and precision for cocaine and its metabolites were systematically examined. The method was used to study the pharmacokinetics of cocaine after administration of intravenous 2 mg/kg and oral 20 mg/kg doses.