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The retrotransposon Osvaldo from Drosophila buzzatii displays all structural features of a functional retrovirus.来自果蝇（Drosophila buzzatii）的逆转座子奥斯瓦尔多（Osvaldo）展现出了功能性逆转录病毒的所有结构特征。
Mol Biol Evol. 1999 Jul;16(7):909-21. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026180.
2
Mobilization of two retroelements, ZAM and Idefix, in a novel unstable line of Drosophila melanogaster.在一种新的不稳定黑腹果蝇品系中两种反转录元件ZAM和Idefix的激活。
Mol Biol Evol. 1999 Jan;16(1):54-66. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026038.
3
Proviral amplification of the Gypsy endogenous retrovirus of Drosophila melanogaster involves env-independent invasion of the female germline.果蝇黑腹果蝇的吉普赛内源性逆转录病毒的前病毒扩增涉及不依赖env对雌性生殖系的侵入。
EMBO J. 1999 May 4;18(9):2659-69. doi: 10.1093/emboj/18.9.2659.
4
Molecular characterization of a retrotransposon in Drosophila melanogaster, nomad, and its relationship to other retrovirus-like mobile elements.黑腹果蝇中一个逆转座子“游牧者”的分子特征及其与其他逆转录病毒样移动元件的关系。
Mol Gen Genet. 1998 Dec;260(5):401-9. doi: 10.1007/s004380050910.
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Molecular structure of yoyo, a gypsy-like retrotransposon from the mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata.溜溜球的分子结构，溜溜球是一种来自地中海实蝇（Ceratitis capitata）的类吉普赛逆转录转座子。
Genetica. 1997;101(3):167-78. doi: 10.1023/a:1018347425870.
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The life-cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Micron. 1998 Apr-Jun;29(2-3):123-38. doi: 10.1016/s0968-4328(98)00002-x.
7
Invertebrate retroviruses: ZAM a new candidate in D.melanogaster.无脊椎动物逆转录病毒：ZAM——黑腹果蝇中的一个新候选病毒。
EMBO J. 1997 Dec 15;16(24):7521-31. doi: 10.1093/emboj/16.24.7521.
8
Expression of the Drosophila retrovirus gypsy as ultrastructurally detectable particles in the ovaries of flies carrying a permissive flamenco allele.在携带允许性弗拉门戈等位基因的果蝇卵巢中，果蝇逆转录病毒吉普赛以超微结构可检测到的颗粒形式表达。
J Gen Virol. 1997 Sep;78 ( Pt 9):2379-88. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-78-9-2379.
9
Infection of the germ line by retroviral particles produced in the follicle cells: a possible mechanism for the mobilization of the gypsy retroelement of Drosophila.卵泡细胞产生的逆转录病毒颗粒对生殖系的感染：果蝇gypsy反转录元件移动的一种可能机制。
Development. 1997 Jul;124(14):2789-98. doi: 10.1242/dev.124.14.2789.
10
The Env-like open reading frame of the baculovirus-integrated retrotransposon TED encodes a retrovirus-like envelope protein.杆状病毒整合反转录转座子TED的类Env开放阅读框编码一种逆转录病毒样包膜蛋白。
Virology. 1996 Dec 15;226(2):252-9. doi: 10.1006/viro.1996.0653.

内源性逆转录病毒ZAM在黑腹果蝇中的生命周期。

Life cycle of an endogenous retrovirus, ZAM, in Drosophila melanogaster.

作者信息

Leblanc P, Desset S, Giorgi F, Taddei A R, Fausto A M, Mazzini M, Dastugue B, Vaury C

机构信息

ENS/INSERM U 412, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.

出版信息

J Virol. 2000 Nov;74(22):10658-69. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.22.10658-10669.2000.

DOI:10.1128/jvi.74.22.10658-10669.2000
PMID:11044110
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC110940/
Abstract

ZAM is an env-containing member of the gypsy family of retrotransposons that represents a possible retrovirus of invertebrates. In this paper, we traced ZAM mobilization to get information about a potential path a retroelement may take to reach the germ line of its host. In situ hybridization on whole-mount tissues and immunocytochemistry analyses with antibodies raised against ZAM Gag and Env proteins have shown that all components necessary to assemble ZAM viral particles, i.e., ZAM full-length RNAs and Gag and Env polypeptides, are coexpressed in a small set of follicle cells surrounding the oocyte. By electron microscopy, we have shown that ZAM viral particles are indeed detected in this somatic lineage of cells, which they leave and enter the closely apposed oocyte. Our data provide evidence that the vesicular traffic and yolk granules in the process of vitellogenesis play an important role in ZAM transfer to the oocyte. Our data support the possibility that vitellogenin transfer to the oocyte may help a retroelement pass to the germ line with no need of its envelope product.

摘要

ZAM是逆转座子吉普赛家族中一个包含env的成员，它代表了一种可能的无脊椎动物逆转录病毒。在本文中，我们追踪了ZAM的移动，以获取有关逆转元件可能进入其宿主种系的潜在途径的信息。对整体组织进行原位杂交以及使用针对ZAM Gag和Env蛋白产生的抗体进行免疫细胞化学分析表明，组装ZAM病毒颗粒所需的所有成分，即ZAM全长RNA以及Gag和Env多肽，在围绕卵母细胞的一小群卵泡细胞中共同表达。通过电子显微镜，我们已经表明，在这种体细胞系细胞中确实检测到了ZAM病毒颗粒，它们离开这些细胞并进入紧密相邻的卵母细胞。我们的数据提供了证据，表明卵黄发生过程中的囊泡运输和卵黄颗粒在ZAM转移到卵母细胞中起重要作用。我们的数据支持这样一种可能性，即卵黄蛋白原向卵母细胞的转移可能有助于逆转元件进入种系，而无需其包膜产物。