Enomoto H, Heuckeroth R O, Golden J P, Johnson E M, Milbrandt J
Department of Pathology and Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8118, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Development. 2000 Nov;127(22):4877-89. doi: 10.1242/dev.127.22.4877.
The neurotrophic factors that influence the development and function of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system are obscure. Recently, neurturin has been found to provide trophic support to neurons of the cranial parasympathetic ganglion. Here we show that GDNF signaling via the RET/GFR(alpha)1 complex is crucial for the development of cranial parasympathetic ganglia including the submandibular, sphenopalatine and otic ganglia. GDNF is required early for proliferation and/or migration of the neuronal precursors for the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia. Neurturin exerts its effect later and is required for further development and maintenance of these neurons. This switch in ligand dependency during development is at least partly governed by the altered expression of GFR(&agr;) receptors, as evidenced by the predominant expression of GFR(&agr;)2 in these neurons after ganglion formation.
影响自主神经系统副交感神经分支发育和功能的神经营养因子尚不明确。最近，发现神经营养素能为颅副交感神经节的神经元提供营养支持。在此我们表明，通过RET/GFR(α)1复合体的GDNF信号传导对于包括下颌下、蝶腭和耳神经节在内的颅副交感神经节的发育至关重要。GDNF对于蝶腭和耳神经节神经元前体的增殖和/或迁移是早期必需的。神经营养素在后期发挥作用，是这些神经元进一步发育和维持所必需的。发育过程中这种配体依赖性的转变至少部分受GFR(α)受体表达改变的调控，神经节形成后这些神经元中GFR(α)2的优势表达证明了这一点。
