Milby J B
Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1975 Oct;26(10):651-8. doi: 10.1176/ps.26.10.651.
The author has reviewed outcome studies of token economy programs for psychiatric inpatients. Only studies that employed some control procedures in their evaluation were included. Token economies were most effective in modifying inhospital work, personal care, and some psychotic behaviors. Studies that assessed token programs to prepare patients for community living and reduce recidivism generally affirmed the effectiveness of token procedures, but the studies were poorly designed, and they lacked systematic follow-up data. Almost all studies failed to examine possible interactions between chemotherapy and the token economies. The author suggests the need for studies using token economies with psychiatric patients other than chronic schizophrenics, who have been studied almost exclusively to date.
作者回顾了针对精神病住院患者的代币经济计划的成果研究。仅纳入了在评估中采用了一些对照程序的研究。代币经济在改变住院期间的工作、个人护理及一些精神病行为方面最为有效。评估代币计划以帮助患者为社区生活做准备并减少再犯的研究总体上肯定了代币程序的有效性，但这些研究设计不佳，且缺乏系统的随访数据。几乎所有研究都未考察化疗与代币经济之间可能的相互作用。作者建议开展研究，将代币经济用于除慢性精神分裂症患者之外的其他精神病患者，迄今为止几乎仅对慢性精神分裂症患者进行了研究。
