代币制经济中的过度合理化效应。
Overjustification effects in token economies.
作者信息
Fisher E B
出版信息
J Appl Behav Anal. 1979 Fall;12(3):407-15. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-407.
This study tested the relevance to clinical token economies of the overjustification hypothesis that tangible reward interferes with intrinsic interest in target behaviors and causes such behaviors to be less probable following a period of reinforcement than preceding such a period. The study was carried out in an ongoing token economy for chronic psychiatric patients. Alternated over an 8-week period were weeks of token and no-token reward for one of the program's target behaviors, toothbrushing. Two different amounts of token reward were employed in order to examine whether reward magnitude might influence the presence or extent of overjustification effects. Little evidence was found for the presence of overjustification effects in token economies. However, maintenance of toothbrushing was greater in no-token weeks following weeks of low amounts of token reward than in no-token weeks following weeks of higher amounts of reward. The importance of such complex functional relationships is discussed.
本研究检验了过度合理化假设与临床代币经济的相关性，该假设认为有形奖励会干扰对目标行为的内在兴趣，并导致在强化期之后此类行为比在此类时期之前出现的可能性更小。该研究在一个针对慢性精神病患者的持续代币经济体系中进行。在为期8周的时间里，交替出现对该项目的一项目标行为——刷牙——给予代币奖励和不给予代币奖励的周数。采用了两种不同数量的代币奖励，以检验奖励幅度是否可能影响过度合理化效应的存在或程度。在代币经济中几乎没有发现存在过度合理化效应的证据。然而，在给予少量代币奖励的周数之后的无代币周中，刷牙行为的维持情况比在给予较多奖励的周数之后的无代币周中更好。讨论了这种复杂功能关系的重要性。
Zotero 插件