Rusted J, Gaskell M, Watts S, Sheppard L
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2000 Nov-Dec;11(6):350-6. doi: 10.1159/000017265.
This paper describes two experiments which examine whether people with dementia use schemata, established knowledge stores associated with specific scenarios, to aid episodic memory. On all tests of memory, volunteers with dementia remembered less than their age-matched controls. There was evidence for an age-related decline in cognitive resources available for effortful memorizing. For people with dementia, errors of commission in free recall, false recognition scores and reconstruction data were consistent with the use of schema to guide retrieval of items from memory. We conclude that retrieval support improves memory performance for both the healthy and dementing elderly. More importantly, pre-established schemata remain intact well into the course of dementia and can support recall of newly acquired episodic information.
本文描述了两项实验，这些实验探究了患有痴呆症的人是否会使用图式（与特定情景相关的既定知识存储）来辅助情景记忆。在所有记忆测试中，患有痴呆症的志愿者比年龄匹配的对照组记住的内容更少。有证据表明，用于努力记忆的认知资源存在与年龄相关的衰退。对于患有痴呆症的人来说，自由回忆中的错误、错误识别分数和重构数据与使用图式来指导从记忆中检索项目是一致的。我们得出结论，检索支持可提高健康老年人和患有痴呆症老年人的记忆表现。更重要的是，预先建立的图式在痴呆症病程中仍保持完好，并可支持对新获取的情景信息的回忆。
