Balfour J J, Burke B A
Postgrad Med. 1975 Dec;58(7):48-54.
The pathogenesis of viral and mycoplasmal infections is probably similar, but pathologic findings vary, depending on the etiologic agent. In the absence of inclusion bodies in epithelial cells, definitive diagnosis of viral pneumonia depends on isolation of the virus. Viral pneumonias are more insidious in onset than bacterial types. In the early stages, physical findings may be minimal. Complications include those associated with viremia or bacterial superinfection. Culture of a throat swab is suitable for isolation of almost all respiratory viruses except respiratory syncytial virus, which requires special techniques. Antibody studies are also of great value. The major effort in controlling viral illness has been prevention of infection by vaccination. Treatment at present is symptomatic.
病毒感染和支原体感染的发病机制可能相似，但病理表现因病原体而异。在上皮细胞中不存在包涵体的情况下，病毒性肺炎的确诊取决于病毒的分离。病毒性肺炎起病比细菌性肺炎更隐匿。在早期阶段，体格检查结果可能不明显。并发症包括与病毒血症或细菌重叠感染相关的并发症。咽喉拭子培养适用于除呼吸道合胞病毒外几乎所有呼吸道病毒的分离，呼吸道合胞病毒需要特殊技术。抗体研究也具有重要价值。控制病毒性疾病的主要努力一直是通过疫苗接种预防感染。目前的治疗是对症治疗。
