Tóth V, Emódy L
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.
Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 2000;47(4):457-70.
The genus Proteus belongs to the tribe of Proteae in the family of Enterobacteriaceae, and consists of five species: P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. morganii, P. penneri and P. myxofaciens. They are distinguished from the rest of Enterobacteriaceae by their ability to deaminate phenylalanine and tryptophane. They hydrolyze urea and gelatin and fail to ferment lactose, mannose, dulcitol and malonate; and do not form lysine and arginine decarboxylase or beta-galactosidase [1]. Colonies produce distinct "burned chocolate" odor and frequently show the characteristics of swarming motility on solid media. P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris and P. morganii are widely recognized human pathogens. They have been isolated from urinary tract infections, wounds, ear, and nosocomial bacteremic infections, often in immuncompromised patients [2-6]. P. myxofaciens has no clinical interest to this time. P. penneri as species nova was nominated by the recommendation of Hickman and co-workers [7]. Formerly it was recognized as P. vulgaris biogroup 1 or indole negative P. vulgaris [8, 9]. Although it has been less commonly isolated from clinical samples than the other three human pathogenic Proteus species, it has nevertheless been connected with infections of the urinary tract, wounds and has been isolated from the feces of both healthy and diarrheic individuals [10-12]. Potential virulence factors responsible for virulence of Proteae are: IgA protease, urease, type3 fimbriae associated with MR/K haemagglutinins of at least two antigenic types, endotoxin, swarming motility and HlyA and/or HpmA type hemolysins [for review see ref. 13]. In the followings we give a survey of accumulated concepts about the position and characteristics of HlyA type alpha-hemolysins both in general and with emphasis on virulence functions in the tribe of Proteae.
变形杆菌属属于肠杆菌科变形菌族，由五个种组成：奇异变形杆菌、普通变形杆菌、摩根氏变形杆菌、彭氏变形杆菌和黏液变形杆菌。它们与其他肠杆菌科细菌的区别在于能够使苯丙氨酸和色氨酸脱氨基。它们能水解尿素和明胶，不能发酵乳糖、甘露糖、卫矛醇和丙二酸盐；也不产生赖氨酸和精氨酸脱羧酶或β - 半乳糖苷酶[1]。菌落会产生独特的“烧焦巧克力”气味，并且在固体培养基上经常表现出群游运动的特征。奇异变形杆菌、普通变形杆菌和摩根氏变形杆菌是广泛认可的人类病原体。它们常从尿路感染、伤口、耳部感染以及医院获得性菌血症感染中分离出来，多见于免疫功能低下的患者[2 - 6]。黏液变形杆菌目前尚无临床研究价值。彭氏变形杆菌作为一个新种是由希克曼及其同事推荐命名的[7]。以前它被认为是普通变形杆菌生物群1或吲哚阴性的普通变形杆菌[8, 9]。尽管从临床样本中分离到它的频率低于其他三种人类致病变形杆菌，但它仍与尿路感染、伤口感染有关，并且已从健康人和腹泻患者的粪便中分离出来[10 - 12]。与变形杆菌毒力相关的潜在毒力因子有：IgA蛋白酶、脲酶、至少两种抗原类型的与MR/K血凝素相关的3型菌毛、内毒素、群游运动以及HlyA和/或HpmA型溶血素[综述见参考文献13]。在接下来的内容中，我们将概述关于HlyA型α - 溶血素在一般情况下以及特别强调在变形菌族中毒力功能方面的位置和特征的积累概念。
