Liburd O E, Polavarapu S, Alm S R, Casagrande R A
Department of Entomology, Center for Integrated Plant Systems, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2000 Oct;93(5):1452-8. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-93.5.1452.
Ammonium acetate and protein hydrolysate baited and unbaited green spheres (3.6, 9.0, and 15.6 cm diameter) were evaluated for effectiveness in capturing blueberry maggot flies, Rhagoletis mendax Curran. Early in the season, baited spheres (9.0 cm diameter) captured significantly more R. mendax flies than spheres of 3.6 and 15.6 cm diameter. As the season progressed, the differences in trap captures became less pronounced among the 3.6-, 9.0-, and 15.6-cm-diameter spheres. In other experiments, the effects of trap positions and age on captures of blueberry maggot flies were assessed. Traps were positioned 15 cm above the bush canopy, 15 cm inside the canopy (from top of the bush), and 45 cm from the ground. Traps placed within the canopy captured 2.5 and 1.5 times as many flies compared with traps placed above the canopy and 45 cm from the ground, respectively. When sticky yellow Pherocon AM boards and green sphere traps were allowed to age in field cages, freshly baited (0 d) yellow sticky boards captured significantly more blueberry maggot flies than boards aged for 11, 28, and 40 d, respectively. No significant differences were observed among boards aged for 11, 28, and 40 d. However, when baited 9-cm sticky spheres were aged in field cages, there were no significant differences between freshly baited spheres and spheres aged for 11 and 28 d, respectively. Spheres aged for 40 d differed significantly from freshly baited ones. The study demonstrated that the baited 9-cm-diameter sphere was more effective in capturing blueberry maggot flies than spheres of 3.6 and 15.6 cm diameter. When this trap is deployed in the center of the bush canopy approximately 15 cm from the top of the bush, it is attractive and accessible to R. mendax flies. The data also indicated that a baited 9-cm sphere has a longer effective life span than Pherocon AM boards when deployed under the same field conditions.
对用醋酸铵和蛋白质水解物诱饵及未诱饵的绿色球体（直径3.6厘米、9.0厘米和15.6厘米）进行了评估，以确定其对蓝莓实蝇（Rhagoletis mendax Curran）的捕获效果。在季节早期，诱饵球体（直径9.0厘米）捕获的蓝莓实蝇明显多于直径3.6厘米和15.6厘米的球体。随着季节的推进，直径3.6厘米、9.0厘米和15.6厘米的球体在诱捕量上的差异变得不那么明显。在其他实验中，评估了诱捕器位置和使用时长对蓝莓实蝇捕获量的影响。诱捕器分别放置在灌木丛树冠上方15厘米处、树冠内（从灌木丛顶部起）15厘米处以及离地面45厘米处。放置在树冠内的诱捕器捕获的苍蝇数量分别是放置在树冠上方和离地面45厘米处诱捕器的2.5倍和1.5倍。当粘性黄色Pherocon AM板和绿色球体诱捕器在野外笼子中放置一段时间后，新放置诱饵（0天）的黄色粘性板捕获的蓝莓实蝇明显多于分别放置了11天、28天和40天的板子。放置11天、28天和40天的板子之间未观察到显著差异。然而，当9厘米的粘性诱饵球体在野外笼子中放置一段时间后，新放置诱饵的球体与分别放置了11天和28天的球体之间没有显著差异。放置40天的球体与新放置诱饵的球体有显著差异。该研究表明，诱饵直径9厘米的球体在捕获蓝莓实蝇方面比直径3.6厘米和15.6厘米的球体更有效。当这个诱捕器部署在灌木丛树冠中心距灌木丛顶部约15厘米处时，对蓝莓实蝇有吸引力且易于接触到。数据还表明，在相同田间条件下部署时，诱饵直径9厘米的球体比Pherocon AM板的有效使用寿命更长。
