Stelinski L L, Liburd O E
Department of Entomology, Center for Integrated Plant Systems, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2001 Aug;94(4):905-10. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-94.4.905.
Biodegradable, ammonium-baited spheres treated with the neonicotinoid insecticide Provado (imidacloprid) at 2% (AI) were evaluated for controlling blueberry maggot flies, Rhagoletis mendax Curran. Three strategies for sphere deployment in highbush blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum L., were compared with untreated control plots in 1999 and once again compared against control plots and organophosphate insecticide sprays in 2000. The patterns of sphere deployment were as follows: (1) perimeter deployment in which spheres were hung individually and spaced equally around the perimeter of experimental plots; (2) cluster deployment in which four groups of three spheres were hung in equally spaced perimeter locations of experimental plots; and (3) uniform deployment in which spheres were placed 10 m apart (in a grid-like pattern) within experimental plots. In 1999, there were no significant differences in fruit injury levels based on observed R. mendax oviposition scars and reared larvae among plots containing imidacloprid-treated spheres in perimeter, cluster, and internal-grid patterns. However, all plots containing spheres had significantly lower fruit infestation levels (<2%), compared with unsprayed control plots with no spheres deployed, which had infestation levels (>20%). In 2000, there were no significant differences in fruit injury based on observed R. mendax oviposition scars between plots containing imidacloprid-treated spheres in the three deployment strategies tested and plots that received Guthion (Azinphosmethyl) spray applications. However, significantly fewer R. mendax larvae were reared from berries collected from plots that received two applications of Guthion compared with plots in which imidacloprid-treated spheres were deployed. Irrespective of sphere deployment strategies, all sphere-treated and sprayed plots had significantly lower injury levels (<1.5%), based on numbers of reared larvae compared with berries collected from the control plots (>4.0%). Based on captures of flies on unbaited Pherocon AM boards placed in the center of treatment plots, we observed a suppression of R. mendax in plots containing imidacloprid-treated spheres compared with control plots. The potential of using imidacloprid-treated spheres as a behavioral control integrated pest management tactic for blueberry maggot flies is discussed.
对用2%（有效成分）的新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉处理过的可生物降解铵饵球进行了评估，以控制蓝莓实蝇（Rhagoletis mendax Curran）。1999年，在高丛蓝莓（Vaccinium corymbosum L.）中比较了三种在高丛蓝莓中部署球的策略，并与未处理的对照地块进行比较，2000年再次将其与对照地块和有机磷杀虫剂喷雾进行比较。球的部署模式如下：（1）周边部署，即球单独悬挂并在试验地块周边等距分布；（2）成簇部署，即四组，每组三个球悬挂在试验地块周边等距位置；（3）均匀部署，即球在试验地块内相隔10米放置（呈网格状）。1999年，根据观察到的蓝莓实蝇产卵疤痕和饲养的幼虫数量，在采用周边、成簇和内部网格模式用吡虫啉处理过的球的地块中，果实损伤水平没有显著差异。然而，与未部署球且未喷洒的对照地块（侵染率>20%）相比，所有包含球的地块果实侵染水平显著较低（<2%）。2000年，在所测试的三种部署策略中，用吡虫啉处理过的球的地块与接受谷硫磷（谷硫磷）喷雾处理的地块相比，根据观察到的蓝莓实蝇产卵疤痕，果实损伤没有显著差异。然而，与部署了用吡虫啉处理过的球的地块相比，从接受两次谷硫磷处理的地块采集的浆果中饲养出的蓝莓实蝇幼虫明显更少。无论球的部署策略如何，与从对照地块采集的浆果（>4.0%）相比，基于饲养的幼虫数量，所有经过球处理和喷洒的地块损伤水平显著较低（<1.5%）。根据放置在处理地块中心的未加诱饵的Pherocon AM诱捕板上捕获的苍蝇数量，我们观察到与对照地块相比，在含有用吡虫啉处理过的球的地块中蓝莓实蝇受到抑制。讨论了使用用吡虫啉处理过的球作为蓝莓实蝇行为控制综合害虫管理策略的潜力。
