Baddeley A
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, BS8 1TN. tel: + 44 117 928 8541 fax: +44 117 926 8562, Bristol, UK
Trends Cogn Sci. 2000 Nov 1;4(11):417-423. doi: 10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01538-2.
In 1974, Baddeley and Hitch proposed a three-component model of working memory. Over the years, this has been successful in giving an integrated account not only of data from normal adults, but also neuropsychological, developmental and neuroimaging data. There are, however, a number of phenomena that are not readily captured by the original model. These are outlined here and a fourth component to the model, the episodic buffer, is proposed. It comprises a limited capacity system that provides temporary storage of information held in a multimodal code, which is capable of binding information from the subsidiary systems, and from long-term memory, into a unitary episodic representation. Conscious awareness is assumed to be the principal mode of retrieval from the buffer. The revised model differs from the old principally in focussing attention on the processes of integrating information, rather than on the isolation of the subsystems. In doing so, it provides a better basis for tackling the more complex aspects of executive control in working memory.
1974年，巴德利和希契提出了工作记忆的三成分模型。多年来，该模型不仅成功地整合了来自正常成年人的数据，还整合了神经心理学、发展心理学和神经影像学数据。然而，仍有一些现象无法被原始模型轻易解释。在此对这些现象进行概述，并提出该模型的第四个成分——情景缓冲器。它由一个容量有限的系统组成，该系统提供以多模态代码存储的信息的临时存储，能够将来自附属系统和长期记忆的信息绑定到一个统一的情景表征中。有意识的觉知被认为是从缓冲器中检索信息的主要方式。修订后的模型与原模型的主要区别在于，它将注意力集中在信息整合过程上，而不是子系统的分离上。这样做，它为解决工作记忆中执行控制的更复杂方面提供了更好的基础。
