Georgiev V S
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 7600-B Rockledge Drive, Room 2102, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2000 May;9(5):1065-78. doi: 10.1517/13543784.9.5.1065.
Two hookworm parasites, Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale, infect approximately one billion people worldwide. These hookworms are one of the leading causes of iron-deficiency anaemia especially in children, resulting directly from intestinal capillary blood loss following the feeding activities of fourth-stage (L(4)) larva and adult worms. If ignored, human hookworm infections can retard growth and the intellectual development of children. Another clinical manifestation often associated with hookworm infections is cutaneous larva migrans (CLM). It is a well recognised, usually self-limiting condition caused by the infectious larvae of nematodes, especially Ancylostoma spp. CLM is characterised by skin eruption and represents a clinical description rather than a definitive diagnosis. Of the hookworm parasites, the dog and cat worm A. braziliense and A. caninum are the most common nematodes causing CLM, although many other species have also been implicated. The major subject of this review article will be discussion of the evolution of therapies and treatment of human necatoriasis and the development of experimental infections with N. americanus. Difference in the clinical efficacy of mebendazole and albendazole will be discussed along with drug resistance of N. americanus.
两种钩虫寄生虫，美洲板口线虫和十二指肠钩口线虫，在全球感染了约10亿人。这些钩虫是缺铁性贫血的主要病因之一，尤其是在儿童中，这是由第四期（L4）幼虫和成虫进食活动导致肠道毛细血管失血直接引起的。如果被忽视，人类钩虫感染会阻碍儿童的生长和智力发育。另一种常与钩虫感染相关的临床表现是皮肤幼虫移行症（CLM）。它是一种公认的、通常为自限性的疾病，由线虫的感染性幼虫引起，尤其是钩口线虫属。CLM的特征是皮肤疹，它代表一种临床描述而非确诊。在钩虫寄生虫中，犬猫钩虫巴西钩口线虫和犬钩口线虫是引起CLM最常见的线虫，不过许多其他物种也与之有关。这篇综述文章的主要主题将是讨论人类板口线虫病治疗方法的演变以及美洲板口线虫实验性感染的发展。还将讨论甲苯达唑和阿苯达唑临床疗效的差异以及美洲板口线虫的耐药性。
