Morrison A P, Baker C A
Psychology Services, Mental Health Services of Salford, Manchester, UK.
Behav Res Ther. 2000 Nov;38(11):1097-106. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00143-6.
Several theories of auditory hallucinations implicate the involvement of intrusive thoughts and other theories suggest that the interpretation of voices determines the distress associated with them. This study tested the hypotheses that patients who experience auditory hallucinations will experience more intrusive thoughts and be more distressed by them and interpret them as more uncontrollable and unacceptable than the control groups. It also examines whether the interpretation of hallucinations is associated with the distress caused by them and whether there are differences in the way that patients respond to and interpret their thoughts and voices. A questionnaire examining the frequency of intrusive thoughts and the reactions to them was administered to a group of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who experienced auditory hallucinations, a psychiatric control group and a non-patient control group. In addition, the patients in the first group completed a similar questionnaire in relation to their voices. Analyses of covariance showed that patients who experienced auditory hallucinations had more intrusive thoughts than the control groups and that they found their intrusive thoughts more distressing, uncontrollable and unacceptable than the control groups. Correlational analyses revealed that patients' interpretations of their voices were associated with the measures of distress in relation to them. Repeated measures analyses of covariance found no differences between thoughts and voices on the dimensions assessed. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
几种关于幻听的理论认为侵入性思维与之有关，而其他理论则表明对声音的解读决定了与之相关的痛苦程度。本研究检验了以下假设：经历幻听的患者会比对照组经历更多的侵入性思维，且会因这些思维而更加痛苦，并认为它们比对照组更难以控制和更不可接受。研究还考察了对幻觉的解读是否与幻觉所导致的痛苦相关，以及患者对其思维和声音的反应及解读方式是否存在差异。一份调查侵入性思维频率及其反应的问卷被发放给一组被诊断为精神分裂症且经历幻听的患者、一个精神科对照组和一个非患者对照组。此外，第一组患者还完成了一份关于其幻听声音的类似问卷。协方差分析表明，经历幻听的患者比对照组有更多的侵入性思维，且他们觉得自己的侵入性思维比对照组更令人痛苦、更难以控制和更不可接受。相关性分析显示，患者对其幻听声音的解读与与之相关的痛苦程度指标有关。重复测量协方差分析发现在所评估的维度上，思维和声音之间没有差异。本文讨论了这些发现的理论和临床意义。
