Snydman D R, Bryan J A, Dixon R E
Ann Intern Med. 1975 Dec;83(6):838-45. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-83-6-838.
Nosocomial viral hepatitis, type B, is assuming increasing importance in the United States. The keystone to an effective hepatitis control program is surveillance of patients and personnel, especially in high-risk areas, namely dialysis units, hematology-oncology units, and laboratories. Measures to control infection are outlined for specific areas of the hospital. Data currently available suggest that employees who have persisting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) need not be removed from their positions unless they have been proved to disseminate infection. Future investigations should include methods to study: [a] the mechanisms of nonpercutaneous spread of hepatitis B virus, [b] the role of the individual with persisting HBSAg in the dissemination of hepatitis B virus, [c] the efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin in high-risk areas, and [d] the effectiveness of various chemical and physical procedures in use for inactivation of hepatitis B virus using animal model systems.
医院内乙型病毒性肝炎在美国正变得日益重要。有效的肝炎控制计划的关键在于对患者和工作人员进行监测，尤其是在高风险区域，即透析科室、血液肿瘤科室和实验室。针对医院的特定区域概述了控制感染的措施。目前可得的数据表明，持续存在乙肝表面抗原（HBSAg）的员工无需调离岗位，除非已证明其传播感染。未来的研究应包括以下研究方法：[a]乙肝病毒非经皮传播的机制，[b]持续存在HBSAg的个体在乙肝病毒传播中的作用，[c]乙肝免疫球蛋白在高风险区域的功效，以及[d]使用动物模型系统研究各种化学和物理程序灭活乙肝病毒的有效性。
