Hammen C, Henry R, Daley S E
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000 Oct;68(5):782-7.
The authors tested a stress-sensitization version of a diathesis-stress approach to depression. In a 2-year longitudinal follow-up design, exposure to stressful life events was examined in young women in the transition to adulthood. The authors hypothesized that those who had experienced one or more significant childhood adversities would have a lower threshold for developing a depressive reaction to stressors. Results indicated that women with exposure to one or more childhood adversities--such as family violence, parent psychopathology or alcoholism, and others--were more likely to become depressed following less total stress than women without such adversity. The results could not be accounted for by chronic stress or prior depression. Both biological and psychological sensitization mechanisms may be speculated to play a role, but the actual mechanisms of stress sensitization remain to be explored.
作者们对一种关于抑郁症的素质-应激方法的应激敏化版本进行了测试。在一项为期两年的纵向随访设计中，研究了处于成年过渡期的年轻女性暴露于应激性生活事件的情况。作者们推测，那些经历过一次或多次重大童年逆境的人，对应激源产生抑郁反应的阈值会更低。结果表明，暴露于一次或多次童年逆境（如家庭暴力、父母精神病理学或酗酒等）的女性，在总应激较少的情况下比没有此类逆境的女性更易患抑郁症。这些结果无法用慢性应激或既往抑郁症来解释。可以推测生物和心理敏化机制都可能起作用，但应激敏化的实际机制仍有待探索。
