National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Division of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, Mexico City, Mexico.
J Adolesc Health. 2009 Nov;45(5):483-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.002. Epub 2009 Jun 3.
To estimate the prevalence of adversity (neglect and abuse, parental loss, parental psychopathology, economic adversity, and serious physical illness), the interrelatedness of adversities, and their socio-demographic correlates.
This is a multistage probability survey of 3005 adolescents aged 12-17 years residing in Mexico City. Youth were administered the computer-assisted adolescent version of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview in their homes. The childhood and posttraumatic stress disorder sections provided information regarding adversity. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed considering the multistage and weighted sample design.
A total of 68% of adolescents have experienced at least one type of chronic childhood adversity, whereas almost 7% have experienced four of more. The most frequent adversity is economic adversity followed by witnessing domestic violence. Boys experience more neglect than girls, and girls experience more sexual abuse than boys. Family dysfunction adversities tend to clump together such that youth exposed to abuse of any form also report witnessing domestic violence and parental mental pathology. Youth whose parents have divorced are likely to experience economic adversity. Parental death is independent of experiencing other childhood adversities. Older adolescents, school drop-outs, those with young mothers, those with more siblings, and those whose parents have less education are more likely to experience adversity.
Although most adolescents have experienced some adversity, a small group is exposed to many adversities. Understanding the distribution of adversities may help us to identify at-risk youth and to better interpret the findings from studies on the role of adversity in diverse health outcomes.
评估逆境（忽视和虐待、父母丧失、父母精神病理学、经济逆境和严重的身体疾病）的流行率、逆境之间的相关性及其与社会人口统计学的相关性。
这是一项针对居住在墨西哥城的 3005 名 12-17 岁青少年的多阶段概率调查。在家中，使用计算机辅助的青少年版世界心理健康综合国际诊断访谈对青少年进行问卷调查。童年和创伤后应激障碍部分提供了关于逆境的信息。考虑到多阶段和加权样本设计，进行了描述性和逻辑回归分析。
共有 68%的青少年经历过至少一种类型的慢性儿童逆境，而近 7%的青少年经历过四种或更多种逆境。最常见的逆境是经济逆境，其次是目睹家庭暴力。男孩比女孩更容易受到忽视，而女孩比男孩更容易受到性虐待。家庭功能障碍的逆境往往聚集在一起，因此遭受任何形式虐待的青少年也会报告目睹家庭暴力和父母精神病理学。父母离异的青少年更有可能经历经济逆境。父母去世与经历其他儿童逆境无关。年龄较大的青少年、辍学、母亲年轻、兄弟姐妹多、父母受教育程度低的青少年更有可能经历逆境。
尽管大多数青少年都经历过一些逆境，但一小部分青少年却面临着多种逆境。了解逆境的分布情况可能有助于我们识别高危青少年，并更好地解释逆境在不同健康结果中的作用研究结果。
